Randomized Controlled Trial on an Supportive Caries Preventive Programme in Children Undergoing Dental General Anaesthesia

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is considered to be a global problem, as it is one of the most prevalent diseases in childhood. This leads to a severe problem in the caries risk children being highly affected by ECC, mostly also non-cooperative and from lower socio-economic background. The dental treatment for these pre-school children often requires general anaesthesia (GA), which is associated with health risks and considerable costs.

Thus, this study was to investigate the preventive effect of two additional intensive oral hygiene appointments before and after general anaesthesia.

After approval by the Ethics Committee at the University of Greifswald (No. BB 078/17), children with an age range from 2 to 5 years assigned for dental treatment under general anaesthesia were recruited.

After obtaining informed consent from the parents, the participants were randomly allocated to the test and control groups by a computer-generated random sequence prepared by a statistician, blinded to the recruiting person. Both groups received a baseline examination and the standard preventive program offered within the German National Health System consisting of explaining the etiology of caries and preventive approaches such as practical training of the parents in tooth brushing in their child as well as recommending fluoridated toothpaste and a reduction of cariogenic snacks. Finally fluoride varnish was applied. The test group received two additional preventive sessions including oral hygiene instructions using plaque disclosing agent, toothbrushing and fluoride application, one week before the date of the general anaesthesia treatment and at the control visit about a week after the general anaesthesia.

The baseline and follow-up examinations at 6 and 12 months recorded caries, fillings and missing teeth due to caries according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria and it included initial caries lesions according to International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS 1-3). The subcomponents were also added up as initial, decayed, missing, filled, teeth/surfaces (idmft/idmfs). Due to the young age of the children, only primary teeth were of relevance.