Effects of positive psychology-based music intervention on University Students' anxiety, depression and positive affect during COVID-19 pandemic

Results : The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, there were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristic and clinical variables between the two groups in the baseline. Secondly, the positive psychology based digital music therapy could not make meaningful changes on the experimental group compared to the control group in sum of K-PSQ score and areas of 6 sub-factors. However, there was statistically significant decrease in sum (p<.05), general life disruption (p<.05), health_self (p<.05) in case of pandemic stress measured by period through Within-subjects ANOVA. Thirdly, the positive psychology based digital music therapy brought a significant decrease in the stress level of the experimental group compared to the ones of the control group (p<.05). The stress level measured by period through Within-subjects ANOVA also showed statistically significant decrease (p<.001). Fourthly, the positive psychology based digital music therapy brought a significant decrease in the anxiety level of the experimental group compared to the ones of the control group (p<.05). The anxiety level measured by period through Within-subjects ANOVA also showed statistically significant decrease (p<.01). Fifthly, the positive psychology based digital music therapy brought a significant decrease in the depression level of the experimental group compared to the ones of the control group (p<.05). The depression level measured by period through Within-subjects ANOVA also showed statistically significant decrease (p<.001). Sixthly, the positive psychology based digital music therapy caused the statistically significant increases on sum of K-PPC score (p<.05) and of the level of the self-efficacy (p<.05) and resilience (p<.05) in K-PPC of the experimental group compared to the control group. But there were no significant effects on the area of Optimism and Hope in K-PPC. In case of the positive affect measured by period through Within-subjects ANOVA, sum (p<.001), level of self-efficacy (p<.001), level of Hope (p<.05), level of resilience (p<.01) were increased statistically meaningfully.