FOLFOX +/- Ziv-Aflibercept for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Esophageal Cancer
Gastric Cancer

Interventions: Drug: Oxaliplatin
Drug: Leucovorin
Drug: Fluorouracil
Drug: Ziv-aflibercept

Registration Number: NCT01747551

Lead Sponsor: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Brief Summary: Anti-angiogenic therapy is a proven therapeutic target in refractory gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. This trial assessed whether the addition of a high affinity angiogenesis inhibitor, ziv-aflibercept, could improve the efficacy of first-line mFOLFOX6 (oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and bolus plus infusional 5- fluorouracil) chemotherapy in metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma.

In this study (ZAMEGA), patients with treatment-naïve esophagogastric adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned 2:1 in a multicenter, placebo-controlled double-blind trial to receive first-line mFOLFOX6 with or without ziv-aflibercept 4mg/kg every 2 weeks. Randomization was stratified by ECOG performance status (0-1 vs. 2) and primary site of disease (esophagus or GE junction vs stomach).

Detailed Description: In patients with esophagogastric cancer, mFOLFOX6 is considered standard of care. Every person has molecules in their bloodstream called vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). These molecules help grow and sustain new blood vessels needed by the human body. Cancer tumors hijack this mechanism because they need new blood vessels and oxygen to grow. Ziv-aflibercept is an antibody, a "targeted therapy" called a "VEGF Trap", that "traps" (binds) these VEGFs and prevents the cancer from using them to grow. Ziv-aflibercept has recently been approved by the FDA for patients with treatment-resistant colorectal cancer. Patients who received standard 5-fluoruracil based chemotherapy pus ziv-aflibercept lived significantly longer than those patients who received standard 5-fluoruracil alone.

The study was designed to have an 80% power, at a 0.20 significance level, to detect a difference in 6-month progression-free survival of 15%, between 65% and 50%. A one-sided log rank test was utilized and all patients treated with at least one dose of mFOLFOX6 and ziv-aflibercept/placebo were included in the statistical analysis.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 64

Inclusion Criteria

Confirmed adenocarcinoma of esophagus, GE junction or gastric origin
Disease is not amenable to curative resection and is unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic
Have not received any prior chemotherapy, investigative or biologic agents for esophagogastric cancer except in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting
Any major surgery must be completed at least 4 weeks prior to study entry, minor procedures must be completed at least 2 weeks prior to study entry
Vascular access device insertion should be performed at least 1 week prior to study entry. A central line is recommended for all participants
Willing to use adequate contraception prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation and for 3 months after the last dose of Ziv-aflibercept/placebo

Exclusion Criteria

History of hypertension unless adequately controlled
Evidence of active bleeding from primary tumor at time of study entry
Pregnant or breastfeeding
Squamous cell carcinoma histology
Prior treatment for advanced or metastatic disease
Palliative radiation to < 25% of bone marrow must have been completed 2 weeks prior to study entry, palliative RT to > 25% must have been completed 4 weeks prior to study entry
Known allergy to study agents
Known dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency or thymidylate kinase gene polymorphism predisposing participant to 5-FU toxicity
History of symptomatic congestive heart failure
Clinically significant peripheral arterial disease
Grade 2 or higher sensory or motor neuropathy
Serious unhealed wound, ulcers or bone fractures
History of HIV positivity or hepatitis B or C
History of abdominal fistula, wound dehiscence, GI perforation, intra abdominal abscess, uncontrolled GI bleeding or diverticulitis that required hospitalization within 6 months of study entry
History of arterial thrombotic events
History of CNS hemorrhage in past 6 months
Use of warfarin
History of prior or synchronous malignancy except if treated with curative intent more than 3 years prior to enrollment, or adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancers, cervical carcinoma in situ or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia without evidence of prostate cancer
Uncontrolled non-malignant illness
Uncontrolled psychiatric illness

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
mFOLFOX6 + Ziv-aflibercept	Oxaliplatin	Patients received mFOLFOX6 and ziv-aflibercept every 2 weeks. Ziv-aflibercept 4mg/kg was given via intravenous (IV) infusion over 1 hour. Immediately following this was administration of mFOLFOX6: oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV and leucovorin 400 mg/m2 IV were given concurrently over 120 minutes, followed by fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 IV bolus injection and then fluorouracil 2,400 mg/m2 IV infusion over 46 hours. Patients continued on treatment until radiological or clinical progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death.
mFOLFOX6 + Ziv-aflibercept	Leucovorin	Patients received mFOLFOX6 and ziv-aflibercept every 2 weeks. Ziv-aflibercept 4mg/kg was given via intravenous (IV) infusion over 1 hour. Immediately following this was administration of mFOLFOX6: oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV and leucovorin 400 mg/m2 IV were given concurrently over 120 minutes, followed by fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 IV bolus injection and then fluorouracil 2,400 mg/m2 IV infusion over 46 hours. Patients continued on treatment until radiological or clinical progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death.
mFOLFOX6 + Ziv-aflibercept	Fluorouracil	Patients received mFOLFOX6 and ziv-aflibercept every 2 weeks. Ziv-aflibercept 4mg/kg was given via intravenous (IV) infusion over 1 hour. Immediately following this was administration of mFOLFOX6: oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV and leucovorin 400 mg/m2 IV were given concurrently over 120 minutes, followed by fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 IV bolus injection and then fluorouracil 2,400 mg/m2 IV infusion over 46 hours. Patients continued on treatment until radiological or clinical progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death.
mFOLFOX6 + Ziv-aflibercept	Ziv-aflibercept	Patients received mFOLFOX6 and ziv-aflibercept every 2 weeks. Ziv-aflibercept 4mg/kg was given via intravenous (IV) infusion over 1 hour. Immediately following this was administration of mFOLFOX6: oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV and leucovorin 400 mg/m2 IV were given concurrently over 120 minutes, followed by fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 IV bolus injection and then fluorouracil 2,400 mg/m2 IV infusion over 46 hours. Patients continued on treatment until radiological or clinical progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death.
mFOLFOX6 + Placebo	Oxaliplatin	Patients received mFOLFOX6 and placebo every 2 weeks. Placebo was given via intravenous (IV) infusion over 1 hour. Immediately following this was administration of mFOLFOX6: oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV and leucovorin 400 mg/m2 IV were given concurrently over 120 minutes, followed by fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 IV bolus injection and then fluorouracil 2,400 mg/m2 IV infusion over 46 hours. Patients continued on treatment until radiological or clinical progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death.
mFOLFOX6 + Placebo	Leucovorin	Patients received mFOLFOX6 and placebo every 2 weeks. Placebo was given via intravenous (IV) infusion over 1 hour. Immediately following this was administration of mFOLFOX6: oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV and leucovorin 400 mg/m2 IV were given concurrently over 120 minutes, followed by fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 IV bolus injection and then fluorouracil 2,400 mg/m2 IV infusion over 46 hours. Patients continued on treatment until radiological or clinical progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death.
mFOLFOX6 + Placebo	Fluorouracil	Patients received mFOLFOX6 and placebo every 2 weeks. Placebo was given via intravenous (IV) infusion over 1 hour. Immediately following this was administration of mFOLFOX6: oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV and leucovorin 400 mg/m2 IV were given concurrently over 120 minutes, followed by fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 IV bolus injection and then fluorouracil 2,400 mg/m2 IV infusion over 46 hours. Patients continued on treatment until radiological or clinical progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
6-month Progression-free Survival (PFS)	Tumor assessments were performed every 8 weeks and evaluated by independent, blinded radiologists. Patient follow-up was 6 months.	6-month PFS is the percent probability of patients remaining alive and progression-free at 6-months from randomization estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. PFS was measured as the time from randomization to 1st documented disease progression (PD) or death. Patients alive without PD were censored at the earliest of the date of last progression-free disease assessment or start of non-protocol therapy. Per RECIST 1.1 criteria: progressive disease (PD) is at least a 20% increase in the sum of longest diameter (LD) of target lesions taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. PD for the evaluation of non-target lesions is the appearance of one or more new lesions and/or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Objective Response Rate (ORR)	Tumor assessments were performed every 8 weeks and evaluated by independent, blinded radiologists. Patients received a median (range) treatment duration (m) of 6.9 (0-23.3) and 6.4 (0-43.9) for mFOLFOX6/ziv-aflibercept and mFOLFOX6/placebo, respectively.	ORR was defined as the percentage of patients achieving complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) on treatment based on RECIST 1.1 criteria. Per RECIST 1.1 for target lesions: CR is complete disappearance of all target lesions and PR is at least a 30% decrease in the sum of longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference baseline sum LD. PR or better overall response assumes at a minimum incomplete response/stable disease (SD) for the evaluation of non-target lesions and absence of new lesions.
Grade 4 Treatment-Related Toxicity Rate	Adverse events were collected each cycle on treatment. Patients received a median (range) treatment duration (months) of 6.9 (0-23.3) and 6.4 (0-43.9) for mFOLFOX6/ziv-aflibercept and mFOLFOX6/placebo, respectively.	The percentage of patients who experienced maximum grade 4 treatment-related adverse event based on CTCAEv4 as reported on case report forms.
Duration of Objective Response	Tumor assessments were performed every 8 weeks and evaluated by independent, blinded radiologists. Patient follow-up (months) median (range) was 14.5 (1.1-49.8) and 18.8 (0.6-49.8) for mFOLFOX6/ziv-aflibercept and mFOLFOX6/placebo, respectively.	Duration of response is the time from date of first documented confirmed objective response to date of first documented progressive disease. Per RECIST 1.1 for target lesions: PD is at least a 20% increase in sum LD, taking as reference the smallest sum on study with at least 5 mm absolute increase. For non-target lesions, progression-free means no new lesions or unequivocal progression on existing non-target lesions or not evaluated.

Trial Locations

Locations (2): Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
🇺🇸
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Massachusetts General Hospital
🇺🇸
Boston, Massachusetts, United States