The Neuropsychological Effects of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil in People With Multiple Sclerosis

Symbol Digits Modalities Test (SDMT)

时间窗: baseline, 6-months, 12-months

Change will be assessed in the SDMT score (0-100 range), over three time points. Higher score indicates better processing speed.

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)

时间窗: baseline, 6-months, 12-months

Change will be assessed in the WCST score over three time points. WCST examines attention, working memory and intellectual flexibility (0-64 score range). Higher scores represent worse performance.

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

时间窗: baseline, 6-months, 12-months

Change will be assessed in the HADS scores over three time points. HADS examines anxiety, depression and psychological distress. Higher scores (0-42 range) indicate greater levels of anxiety and depression.

Health Status Questionnaire (SF-36)

时间窗: baseline, 6-months, 12-months

Change will be assessed in SF-36 scores over three time points. SF-36 consists of eight scales (0-100 score range each) that examine physical and mental health-related quality of life. The lower the score the more disability.

Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R)

时间窗: baseline, 6-months, 12-months

Change will be assessed in the BVMT-R score (0-36 range), over three time points. Higher score indicates better visuospatial memory.

The Vocabulary and Block Design from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

时间窗: baseline

It will provide an estimated intelligence quotient (IQ) score

Faux Pas Recognition (FPR) Test

时间窗: baseline, 6-months, 12-months

Change will be assessed in the FPR score over three time points. FPR examines social cognition. Four different vignettes will be used for every assessment (0-20 score range). Higher scores indicate better performance.

Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS)

时间窗: baseline, 6-months, 12-months

Change will be assessed in the MFIS score over three time points. MFIS examines how often fatigue interferes with daily activities. Higher scores (0-84 score range) indicate greater impact of fatigue on a person's activities.

California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II)

时间窗: baseline, 6-months, 12-months

Change will be assessed in the CVLT-II score (0-80 range), over three time points. Higher score indicates better auditory-verbal learning.

Trail Making Test (TMT)

时间窗: baseline, 6-months, 12-months

Change will be assessed in the TMT scores over three time points. TMT examines attention, intellectual flexibility and inhibition. Longer time to completion indicates worse performance.

The Digit Span Test (DST) from WAIS

时间窗: baseline, 6-months, 12-months

Change will be assessed in the DST score over three time points. DST examines working memory, 0-48 score range, higher scores indicate better working memory function.

Word List Generation (WLG) Test

时间窗: baseline, 6-months, 12-months

Change will be assessed in the WLG score over three time points. WLG examines lexical fluency. The higher the number of words generated, the better is the performance.