Imatinib and Rituximab in Treating Cutaneous Sclerosis in Patients With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Graft Versus Host Disease
Systemic Scleroderma

Interventions: Biological: rituximab
Drug: imatinib mesylate

Registration Number: NCT01309997

Lead Sponsor: Lee, Stephanie

Brief Summary: This randomized phase II trial is evaluating how well imatinib mesylate works compared to rituximab in treating cutaneous sclerosis in patients with chronic graft- versus-host disease (GVHD). Both imatinib and rituximab have been reported to decrease skin thickening and improve skin and joint flexibility in people with cutaneous sclerosis due to chronic GVHD.

Detailed Description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the best clinical response rate of cutaneous sclerosis (skin and/or fascial thickening) after 6 months of initial therapy with either imatinib (imatinib mesylate) or rituximab.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the best response at either the 3 or 6 month assessment.

II. To determine the response rate at the 3 month assessment.

III. To determine the proportion of subjects who are able to taper corticosteroid after 6 months of imatinib or rituximab therapy.

IV. To determine the incidence of treatment failure to initial treatment with either imatinib or rituximab.

V. To evaluate if the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) findings correlate with severity of cutaneous sclerosis clinical findings and response to study treatment.

VI. To correlate the detection of antibody against platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR A) with clinical response.

VII. To correlate change in B cell relevant parameters from baseline to 6 months or early crossover (antibody levels, skin collagen expression, B cell subsets) with therapeutic agent and best clinical response while on initial treatment.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

ARM I: Patients receive imatinib mesylate by mouth (PO) once daily (QD) for 6 months in the absence of progression of sclerosis or unacceptable toxicity. Subjects with a significant clinical response will continue to receive study drug for an additional 6 months.

ARM II: Patients receive rituximab intravenously (IV) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (first cycle). A second cycle of treatment with rituximab is repeated at 3 months for a total of 8 doses of rituximab in the absence of progression of sclerosis or unacceptable toxicity.

Patients with progression, treatment intolerance at any time up to 6 months, or no clinical response at 6 months will crossover to the other treatment arm.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 72

Inclusion Criteria

Diagnosis within the past 18 months of cutaneous sclerosis after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) with sclerotic skin, morphea, myofascial involvement or joint contractures; must have a score of 2 or greater on the Vienna skin scale in any area, or a range-of-motion (ROM) score of 5 or less at the shoulder, elbow or wrist, or 3 or less at the ankle
No medication added for the treatment of graft versus host disease (GVHD) within the past 4 weeks
Receiving corticosteroids at a dose greater than required for treatment of adrenal insufficiency, unless the physician documents why steroids are contraindicated
Age 2-99 years
Karnofsky performance status >= 60% at enrollment
All females of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test =< 7 days prior to starting study therapy
All females of childbearing potential must agree to use a form of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved contraception from enrollment to one month after study treatment ends
Subject has the ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria

Total bilirubin > 1.5x upper limit of normal (ULN)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 2.5 x ULN
Renal insufficiency (serum creatinine > 2.0 mg/dl)
Platelets < 30,000/ul or absolute neutrophil count < 1500/ul
Known hypersensitivity to rituximab or other anti-B cell antibodies
Known imatinib intolerance or allergy
Evidence of any active viral, bacterial, or fungal infection that is progressive despite appropriate treatment
Hepatitis B surface antigen positive
Hepatitis B core antibody positive, unless hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is undetectable
Hepatitis C antibody positive, unless hepatitis C virus (HCV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) is undetectable
Pregnant, lactating, or planning a pregnancy while in the study
Distal leg skin score 3 or higher as the only manifestation of sclerosis
Prior treatment of chronic GVHD with imatinib, rituximab, or any other monoclonal B-cell antibody (e.g. ofatumumab)
Receipt of imatinib within the previous 6 months for any indication
Receipt of any monoclonal B-cell antibody (e.g. rituximab, ofatumumab) within the previous 12 months for any indication
Treatment with anti-B-cell cellular therapy (e.g. chimeric antigen-receptor-engineered cells) at any time after transplant
Current treatment with extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) at the time of enrollment
History of psychiatric disorder that would interfere with normal participation in this study
Inability or unwillingness of subject and/or parent guardian to provide informed consent or comply with study protocol
Use of non-FDA approved drugs within 4 weeks of participation
Patient with any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with the subject's ability to comply with the study requirements
Patients with uncontrolled substance abuse

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Arm II (monoclonal antibody)	rituximab	Patients receive rituximab IV on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. A second treatment cycle is repeated at 3 months for a total of 8 doses of rituximab in the absence of progression of sclerosis or unacceptable toxicity.
Arm I (enzyme inhibitor)	imatinib mesylate	Patients receive imatinib mesylate PO QD for 6 months in the absence of progression of sclerosis or unacceptable toxicity.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Significant Clinical Response	6 months	Assessed by decline in an affected area's skin score as measured with the Vienna Skin Scale (from 4 \[worst\] to 2, 3 to 1, or 2 to 0 \[best\]) without a concurrent increase of two or more points in another area OR by an increase in the range of motion of the shoulders, elbows or wrists by two points (in a 1-7 scale where 1 is worst and 7 is best) or of the ankles by one point (in a 1 to 4 scale where 1 is worst and 4 is best) without a concurrent worsening in another area.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Patients Who Were Able to Taper Corticosteroids	6 months	Patients who achieved a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in the daily corticosteroid dose at 6mo compared to baseline
Baseline Histopathologic Score in the Two Treatment Arms	Enrollment	Instrument: Nash dermal fibrosis grade. Measures extent of sclerosis in skin biopsies by histologic examination. Scale ranges from grade 0-5. Nash grade 5 is most severe fibrosis (0 is better outcome, 5 is worse outcome). No subscales are used in Nash grade. Please see table 1 in the reference for grading of dermal fibrosis. Nash RA, McSweeney PA, Crofford LJ, Abidi M, Chen CS, Godwin JD, et al. High-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for severe systemic sclerosis: long-term follow-up of the US multicenter pilot study. Blood 2007;110:1388-96.
Cumulative Incidence of Treatment Failure	6 months	Defined as discontinuation of randomized treatment due to chronic GVHD progression or treatment intolerance or no significant clinical response in sclerosis.
Number of Patients Achieving Improvement in Cutaneous Sclerosis	6 months	Assessed by decrease of \>= 0.2 units (where 0 is best and 3.0 is worst ) in the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ).
Percentage of CD27+ B Cells in Responders (SCR) and Non-responders	6 months	%CD27+ B cells
Patients With Any Percentage Decline in Any Grade of Sclerosis Without Increase in Percentage of Higher Grades of Sclerosis in Other Areas on the Vienna Skin Scale	6 months	Maximum of 10 body areas. Each area can be graded 0 (best) to 4 (worst). Each of those grades requires a percentage of involvement. Improvement is measured by reduction of involvement in any grade and any body area.

Trial Locations

Locations (10): Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington Cancer Consortium
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Seattle, Washington, United States
University of North Carolina
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Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin
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Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
Weill Cornell Medical College
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New York, New York, United States
Mayo Clinic in Arizona
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Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
Stanford University Hospitals and Clinics
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Stanford, California, United States
Washington University School of Medicine
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Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
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Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
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Buffalo, New York, United States
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
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Tampa, Florida, United States