The Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Aerobic Exercise on Cognition, Balance and Functional Brain Networks in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
- Conditions
- Alzheimer Disease
- Sponsor
- Istanbul Medipol University Hospital
- Enrollment
- 27
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 4 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
Methods: Twenty-seven AD patients aged ≥60 years were included in the study and divided into 3 groups (rTMS, Aerobic Exercise (AE) and control). All groups received pharmacological treatment. rTMS group (n=10) received 20 Hz rTMS treatment on bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, 5 days a week over 2 weeks, and AE group (n=10) received the moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for 50 min sessions, 5 days a week over 2 weeks. Control group (n=10) was only treated pharmacologically. Neuropsychiatric and behavioral status, cognition, balance, functional mobility, and quality of life, and functional brain changes were evaluated before and after the treatment.
Investigators
Miray Budak
Principal Investigator
Istanbul Medipol University Hospital
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •having clinical AD diagnosis according to the NINCDS-ADRDA (National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association) criteria
- •being 60 years and older
- •having Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) scores 1 or 2
- •living independently
Exclusion Criteria
- •not being able to walk independently,
- •having physical disabilities,
- •having a history of alcohol / substance abuse,
- •having head trauma
- •having epileptic seizures
Arms & Interventions
TMS group
In the TMS group (n=10) rTMS was applied to the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) at 20 Hz, for 5 consecutive days per week for over 2 weeks (totally 10 sessions) in addition to the pharmacological treatment.
Intervention: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
TMS group
In the TMS group (n=10) rTMS was applied to the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) at 20 Hz, for 5 consecutive days per week for over 2 weeks (totally 10 sessions) in addition to the pharmacological treatment.
Intervention: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
TMS group
In the TMS group (n=10) rTMS was applied to the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) at 20 Hz, for 5 consecutive days per week for over 2 weeks (totally 10 sessions) in addition to the pharmacological treatment.
Intervention: Memantine
AE group
AE group (n=9) received a moderate- intensity aerobic exercise program lasting 50 minutes per session, 5 consecutive days per week for over 2 weeks (totally 10 sessions) in addition to the pharmacological treatment.
Intervention: Aerobic Exercise
AE group
AE group (n=9) received a moderate- intensity aerobic exercise program lasting 50 minutes per session, 5 consecutive days per week for over 2 weeks (totally 10 sessions) in addition to the pharmacological treatment.
Intervention: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
AE group
AE group (n=9) received a moderate- intensity aerobic exercise program lasting 50 minutes per session, 5 consecutive days per week for over 2 weeks (totally 10 sessions) in addition to the pharmacological treatment.
Intervention: Memantine
Control group
No additional intervention was given to the patients in the control group (n=8) and participants were only treated pharmacologically.
Intervention: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Control group
No additional intervention was given to the patients in the control group (n=8) and participants were only treated pharmacologically.
Intervention: Memantine
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Time Frame: 4 weeks after baseline
Resting state networks and activation areas in the brain were evaluating with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Secondary Outcomes
- Timed Up and Go Test(4 weeks after baseline)
- Frontal Behavioral Inventory(4 weeks after baseline)
- Neuropsychometric test battery(4 weeks after baseline)
- Mini Mental State Examination Test(4 weeks after baseline)
- Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire(4 weeks after baseline)
- Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Scale(4 weeks after baseline)
- Berg Balance Scale(4 weeks after baseline)