Effectiveness of Deep Breathing, a Self-Help Book and Additive Effects of The Two Interventions in Cigarette Consumption, Anxiety and Depression and Motivation to Stop Smoking in Students of the Anhembi Morumbi University
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Sponsor
- Enrollment
- 85
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Motivation measured with the Portuguese version of the "URICA" (Scale University of Rhode Island Change Assessment)
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Smoking is an important public health issue. The self help books may have important motivational implications which associated with deep breath exercises could cease the habit. Goals: Verify the effectiveness of the deep breaths exercises from the self help books along with the two motivational interventions to quit smoking on the anxiety, depression and daily consumption levels. Method: The study will be both prospective and controlled. Individuals will be distributed randomly in 4 different groups: The first group will be doing the deep breath exercises, the second group will read a self help book, the third group will do both reading and exercises and the fourth group will be the control. Anxiety, depression, motivational level and the cigarettes daily consumption will be evaluated previously and after the 15 days intervention. Expected results: Decreasing in anxiety, depression and cigarette consumption plus an increase in the motivation to quit smoking.
Detailed Description
Smoking is a major public health problem. According to the WHO (World health organization) it's considered a pandemic issue which kills around 5 million people from related diseases.
This is a growing problem in all South American countries specially where poverty and the lack of instruction make people more vulnerable to the addiction. In addition, the smoking habit has been integrated to these countries cultures because of their economical dependence of it and ostensive marketing.
However, nowadays smoking harm effects are well known including the high risk of developing COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), heart diseases and many other forms of neoplasms.
The problems concerning smoking were first documented 40 years ago and are still one of the major causes of death which could be prevented. The medical costs associated with its treatment go far beyond the economical benefits from producing and commercializing tobacco.
It's estimated that in 2025, there will be 10 million people dying from tobacco consumption if the world panorama stays as it is. 90% of the teenagers who starts smoking become addicted by they are 19 years old.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 30 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •students from the Anhembi Morumbi University.
- •minimum age of 18 years.
Exclusion Criteria
- •serious chronic diseases
- •use of beta blockers.
- •pregnant women.
Arms & Interventions
Deep Breathing Exercises
Technical Deep Breathing.
Intervention: Deep Breathing Exercises (Behavioral)
Self-Help Book
Reading the self-help book.
Intervention: Self-Help Book (Behavioral)
Deep Breathing Exercises and Book
Technical Deep Breathing and Reading the self-help book.
Reading the self-help book and will be trained by the physical therapist to perform deep breathing.
Intervention: Deep Breathing Exercises (Behavioral)
Control
Not suffer any intervention
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Motivation measured with the Portuguese version of the "URICA" (Scale University of Rhode Island Change Assessment)
Time Frame: 2 weeks
Scale developed by Prochaska and DiClemente, translated and validated to Portuguese used to measure the motivation to change. Determines different motivational stages in solving a problem. To classify the individual in the pre-contemplation stage (stage where the person does not consider the need for help), contemplation stage (the individual is aware of the problem), preparation stage (construction of attempts to change their behavioraction stage (taking concrete attempts to modify their behavior) and maintenance stage (the lifestyle is modified). The answers are given on a scale of 1 (completely disagree with the statement) to 5 (strongly agree). Each statement is linked to a different motivational stage and at the end of test, the investigators can determine which is the patient motivational level considering which stage his score was higher.
Secondary Outcomes
- Nicotine addiction measured whit the Portuguese version of the Fagerstrom test(2 weeks)
- Depression measured with the portuguese version of the "BDI" ( The Beck Depression Inventory).(2 weeks)
- Anxiety measured with the Portuguese version of the "BAI" ( The Beck Anxiety Inventory)(2 weeks)
Investigators
Iris Galdino Ueda
Principal Investigator
Anhembi Morumbi University