The Effects of Electronic Cigarette Smoking on the Arterial Wall and Endothelial Glycocalyx Properties of Smokers
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Sponsor
- Enrollment
- 90
- Locations
- 2
- Primary Endpoint
- Chronic electronic cigarette vaping effects on platelet aggregation.
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Electronic cigarette is proposed as a bridge to smoking cessation. In this study we examine its effects on aortic elasticity, glycocalyx integrity, and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) concentration and platelet function, both acutely and after 1 month of use.
Detailed Description
Two smoker groups matched for age and sex will be assessed:
- a group of 30 current smokers with no diagnosed cardiovascular disease as the control group for chronic phase
- a group of 30 current smokers with no diagnosed cardiovascular disease who will be using the electronic cigarette with nicotine for 1 month
In the acute phase all 60 smokers will undergo a "sham" smoking for 7 minutes. Afterwards 30 out of 60 smokers will be randomized to smoke either a normal cigarette or an electronic cigarette with nicotine and after a 60 minute washout period these subjects will be crossed over to the alternate mode of smoking (electronic with nicotine or normal cigarette respectively).
The remaining 30 smokers will be randomized to smoke either a normal cigarette or an electronic cigarette without nicotine and after a 60 minute washout period these subjects will be crossed over to the alternate mode of smoking (electronic without nicotine or normal cigarette respectively.
After the completion of the acute phase all 60 smokers will start the use of an electronic cigarette for one month.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Prevention
- Masking
- Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 60 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Active conventional cigarette smoker
Exclusion Criteria
- •Health condition adversely affected by smoking, history or presence of cardiovascular disease
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Chronic electronic cigarette vaping effects on platelet aggregation.
Time Frame: 1 month
Chronic electronic cigarette vaping effects on platelet function as assessed by Light Transmission Aggregometry (LTA). We measured both maximum (peak) and late platelet aggregation (%) (at 6 minutes) after addition of epinephrine (as stimulant) in platelet rich plasma.The 100% line was set using platelet poor plasma and a 0% baseline established with platelet rich plasma before addition of the agonist(epinephrine). Platelet aggregation is experssed as % of the 100% line
Acute electronic cigarette vaping effects on endothelial integrity.
Time Frame: 7 minutes
Acute electronic cigarette vaping effects on endothelial integrity as assessed by measuring endothelial glycocalyx thickness. We measured the perfused boundary region (PBR) of the sublingual arterial microvessels (ranged from 5 to 25 μm) using Sidestream Darkfield Imaging (Microscan, Glycocheck, Microvascular Health Solutions Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA).
Chronic electronic cigarette vaping effects on arterial stiffness.
Time Frame: 1 month
Chronic electronic cigarette vaping effects on arterial stiffness, as assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV, m/sec). PWV (m/sec) was measured by using tonometry by Complior (Alam Medical, Vincennes, France). Two non-invasive pressure sensors were used to record the carotid and femoral waveforms and the distance between the two arterial sites was measured with a tape measure.
Acute electronic cigarette vaping effects on arterial stiffness.
Time Frame: 7 minutes
Acute electronic cigarette vaping effects on arterial stiffness as assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV, m/sec). PWV (m/sec) was measured by using tonometry by Complior (Alam Medical, Vincennes, France). Two non-invasive pressure sensors were used to record the carotid and femoral waveforms and the distance between the two arterial sites was measured with a tape measure.
Chronic electronic cigarette vaping effects on endothelial integrity.
Time Frame: 1 month
Chronic electronic cigarette vaping effects on endothelial integrity as assessed by measuring endothelial glycocalyx thickness. We measured the perfused boundary region (PBR) of the sublingual arterial microvessels (ranged from 5 to 25 μm) using Sidestream Darkfield Imaging (Microscan, Glycocheck, Microvascular Health Solutions Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA).
Chronic electronic cigarette vaping effects on high-shear stress-dependent platelet function.
Time Frame: 1 month
Chronic electronic cigarette vaping effects on high-shear stress-dependent platelet function as assesed by PFA-100. The instrument estimates the ability of platelets activated in a high shear environment to occlude an aperture in a membrane coated with collagen and epinephrine (CEPI).The time taken for flow across the membrane to stop (closure time, CT, seconds) is recorded as measure of platelet function. Platelet adhesion and aggregation following a vascular injury is simulated in vitro by PFA.
Secondary Outcomes
No secondary outcomes reported
Investigators
Ignatios Ikonomidis
Assistant Professor
University of Athens