E-Cigarettes and Financial Incentives to Promote Tobacco Harm Reduction Among Adults Accessing Shelter Services

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Cigarette Smoking

Interventions: Behavioral: E-cigarette Switching
Behavioral: Financial Incentives

Registration Number: NCT03743532

Lead Sponsor: University of Oklahoma

Brief Summary: This randomized controlled trial evaluated the feasibility and potential efficacy of 1) e-cigarette switching (EC) or 2) e-cigarette switching + financial incentives for combustible cigarette cessation (EC+FI)

Detailed Description: The current study examined the feasibility of e-cigarette switching and financial incentives contingent on combustible cigarette abstinence to promote combustible cigarette cessation among urban day shelter guests (N=60). A total of 60 adults who accessed the Homeless Alliance day shelter in Oklahoma City, OK were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups and followed weekly from 1 week prior to a scheduled EC switch date through 4 weeks post-switch date, with a final 8-week post-switch follow-up. The intervention groups were: 1) e-cigarette switching (EC) or 2) EC switching + small financial incentives for carbon monoxide (CO) verified combustible cigarette abstinence (FI + EC). The primary outcomes were self-reported combustible cigarette abstinence over the previous 7 days with carbon monoxide (CO)-verification at 4- and 8- weeks follow-up. Secondary outcomes included changes in CO from baseline, days of combustible cigarette smoking, and continued e-cigarette use. Other feasibility outcomes included study retention and perceptions of the intervention.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 60

Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
E-Cigarette Switching + Financial Incentives (EC+FI)	E-cigarette Switching	Participants assigned to the EC+FI group received ECs and pods and were instructed to switch from combustible cigarettes to e-cigarettes as described above for the EC group. Participants also earned escalating financial incentives for self-reported and carbon-monoxide-verified combustible cigarette abstinence via credits to a reloadable study credit card. Participants who reported combustible cigarette use and/or had a CO level \>6 ppm did not earn incentives that week, but could earn incentives at the next visit with the incentive value reset to the starting value.
E-Cigarette Switching + Financial Incentives (EC+FI)	Financial Incentives	Participants assigned to the EC+FI group received ECs and pods and were instructed to switch from combustible cigarettes to e-cigarettes as described above for the EC group. Participants also earned escalating financial incentives for self-reported and carbon-monoxide-verified combustible cigarette abstinence via credits to a reloadable study credit card. Participants who reported combustible cigarette use and/or had a CO level \>6 ppm did not earn incentives that week, but could earn incentives at the next visit with the incentive value reset to the starting value.
E-Cigarette Switching (EC)	E-cigarette Switching	Participants were provided with an e-cigarette device and nicotine pods and advised to completely switch from combustible cigarettes to e-cigarettes. Although participants in the EC group did not earn incentives for combustible cigarette abstinence, they were yoked with a participant in the EC+FI group (described below), and they earned the same weekly incentive amount as their counterpart earned for combustible cigarette abstinence credited to a reloadable study credit card.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Combustible Cigarette Cessation	8 weeks post-quit/switch date	Self-reported and Carbon monoxide-verified (\<=6 ppm) combustible cigarette smoking abstinence during the previous 7 days (missing = smoking)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Follow-Up Completion	8 weeks post-switch	The number of participants who completed the smoking status follow-up assessment
Days of Combustible Cigarette Smoking, Past 7 Days	8 weeks post-switch	The total number of days of combustible cigarette smoking during the past 7 days
Expired Carbon Monoxide (CO), Parts Per Million (Ppm), Change From Baseline	8 week post-switch	Change in expired CO (ppm) from baseline to 8 weeks post-switch-date
Days of E-cigarette Use, Past 7 Days	8 weeks post-switch	The total number of days on which E-cigarettes were used during the past 7 days
Combustible Cigarette Cessation (Complete Case Analysis)	8 weeks post-switch	Self-reported and Carbon monoxide-verified (\<=6 ppm) combustible cigarette smoking abstinence during the previous 7 days (missing excluded)