Evaluation of the Efficacy of High Intensity Laser (HILT) Therapy in Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy, and it causes numbness and tingling in the hand, atrophy and muscle weakness in the later stages. Any condition that increases the volume of the carpal tunnel and narrows the diameter of the tunnel may increase the compression of the median nerve under the transverse carpal ligament and cause symptoms. In majority of cases, no cause can be found and it is called "idiopathic".

While the diagnosis of CTS is made by the patient's history and physical examination methods, the diagnosis is confirmed with use of electrophysiological examination. Physical therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, local steroid injection, hand-wrist rest splint, nerve/tendon gliding exercises; Physiotherapy modalities such as therapeutic ultrasound and laser are among the conservative treatment methods of CTS. Despite the effectiveness of surgery in the treatment of severe CTS cases, as is known, surgical treatment is not without risk. Therefore, mild to moderate CTS is treated conservatively.

Laser therapy is one of the physical therapy modalities, low-intensity laser therapy (LILT), whose biological effects occur secondary to direct photochemical effect and are not the result of thermal effects. High-intensity laser therapy (HILT), which has been widely used recently, is frequently used since it has small and slow light absorption from chromophores. HILT is not a concentrated light, but it diffuses in all directions (scattering phenomenon). This supports the wider effectiveness of HILT. HILT also has effects such as increased mitochondrial oxidative reactions, increased production of adenosine triphosphate, RNA and DNA (photochemical effect), increased tissue stimulation (photobiological), and reduced pain and inflammation. HILT, which has recently found many uses in musculoskeletal diseases, can affect a wider and deeper area in the tissues compared to the widely used LILT. Although there are many studies on the effectiveness of LILT therapy in CTS, there are few trials to study the effectiveness of HILT on clinical and electrophysiological parameters in CTS.

This investigation is designed as double-blind prospective sham controlled randomized study.

Participants were randomized into 2 groups: 1) HILT + nerve/tendon gliding exercises + rest splint and 2) Sham HILT+ nerve/tendon gliding exercises + rest splint