Evaluation of Mental Health, Sleep Quality, Level of Physical Activity, Food Intake, and Body Composition Before and After One Year of Face-to-face Academic Activities in University Students

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown origin in late December 2019, causing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). After its high contagion capacity, a couple of weeks later the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 an international public security emergency, and by March 2020 it was officially declared a pandemic.

The rapid increase in the number of cases of infection and deaths from COVID-19 forced national governments to take extreme control and prevention measures. In Mexico, the community health strategy was defined in the "National Day of Healthy Distance", where the main guidelines included avoiding inter-personal contagion through confinement, forcing the suspension of all non-essential activities, which included the suspension of academic activities at all levels.

Although the measures that were taken to mitigate the spread of the disease are obtaining favorable results with respect to the transmission of the virus, but the modification of the academic, work, food and social dynamics are having an unprecedented impact on biological, psychological and social health of the population. In this sense, maintaining and promoting the physical and mental health of the population is a challenge that transcends the individual level and demands actions at the local, national and global levels.

Social isolation is a multidimensional event that contemplates both the quantity, as well as the inadequate quality of interactions with other people, including those not only in the family environment, but also at the community level. Social isolation has been studied mainly in older adults derived from their retirement or low mobility, however, the current global threat of isolation has shaken the usual practices of the general population, including young people and resulting in the modification of their academic, labor and social dynamics.

The usual behavior in this phenomenon establishes that greater social isolation is associated with lower life satisfaction, higher levels of depression and lower levels of psychological well-being or performance as well as changes in diet. The invitation to social isolation contemplated in the strategy of the Mexican government promoted the decrease in the level of physical activity in individuals during the last two years, while eating patterns were substantially modified by emotional and economic phenomena associated with each person. These levels of physical activity associated with food choices (voluntary or conditioned) have been shown to negatively affect health.