Β-OHB Supplementation and Brain Health in Older Adults
- Conditions
- Subjective Cognitive Decline
- Interventions
- Dietary Supplement: Ketone monoester (KME) supplementDietary Supplement: Placebo supplement
- Registration Number
- NCT06588946
- Lead Sponsor
- McMaster University
- Brief Summary
The goal of this randomized placebo controlled crossover trial is investigate the effects of short-term ketone monoester (KME) supplementation to brain function in older adults with subjective cognitive decline. We will test the hypothesis that KME supplementation will increase cerebral blood flow and improve resting-state functional connectivity in the brain compared to placebo supplementation in older adults with subjective cognitive decline.
Participants will be randomly assigned to either placebo of KME supplementation for 14 days. Following a washout period, participants will complete the alternate condition for 14 days. Outcome measures will be assessed before and after each intervention period.
- Detailed Description
In this randomized placebo-controlled crossover double-blind designed clinical trial, 48 adults with SCD (50% female; aged 55 to 75 years old) will be allocated to a ketone monoester (KME) or placebo condition in random order (e.g., A-B or B-A), stratified by sex. Participants will be recruited from the local community through McMaster University, the local Alzheimer Society, and community outreach.
In total, participants will be asked to complete 5 visits. Data will be collected at a single site in Hamilton, Ontario associated with McMaster University. All interested individuals will complete an eligibility screening study visit (Visit 1) to establish inclusion/exclusion. Written, informed consent will be obtained before data collection. Demographic information and medical history will be collected at the beginning of Visit 1 to obtain information regarding medication use, medical history, age, years of education, and sex and gender-based variables. This information will be collected using a participant history questionnaire and the GENESIS-PRAXY questionnaire. Participants will also be introduced to the lab and the different tests that we will run during the experimental visits. Data will be collected at two time points for each condition: 1) Pre-intervention (Visits 2 \& 4: baseline); and post-intervention (Visits 3 \& 5: following 14-day intervention). In a randomized crossover design, participants will be randomly allocated to a condition (placebo or KME) for a 14-day intervention. Participants will then undergo a washout period, afterwhich participants will be complete the alternate condition including baseline data collection (Visit 4) and post-intervention visit (Visit 5) after the second 14-day intervention period.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- NOT_YET_RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 48
- Being objectively cognitively normal as determined by a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score ≥26 with independent living and ambulating
- SCD will be determined using the Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) following the SCD Initiative Working Group framework
- A diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, or psychiatric and/or mood disorders (e.g., major depression)
- MoCA score <26
- Diagnosis of cardiometabolic disease (e.g., hypertension, type 2 diabetes)
- Obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2)
- History of heart attack or stroke
- History of smoking
- Currently following a ketogenic diet or taking ketogenic supplements
- Having MRI contraindications
- Participants with literacy, visual, hearing, and/or speech issues, as well as individuals who are not proficient in English will not be eligible for this trial
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- CROSSOVER
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Ketone monoester (KME) supplement Ketone monoester (KME) supplement Participants will be instructed to consume a bottle of the ketone monoester (KME) supplement, containing the KME of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), 15-min prior to each meal (3x/day) for 14 days. This dosing protocol raises plasma β-OHB consistently during the waking hours. Oral KME will be provided in opaque bottles labelled A or B to maintain condition blinding. Each bottle will contain a drink providing 15g of a KME supplement: \[R\]-3-hydroxybutyl \[R\]-3-hydroxybutyrate (ΔG®, TDeltaS, Oxford, UK). Placebo supplement Placebo supplement Participants will be instructed to consume a bottle of placebo supplement 15-min prior to each meal (3x/day) for 14 days. Oral placebo will be provided in opaque bottles labelled A or B to maintain condition blinding. Each bottle will contain a 50mL taste-match inert calorie-free placebo.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Global cerebral blood flow (gCBF) Baseline and post-intervention (i.e., 14-days later) for both KME and placebo conditions Measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under resting, normocapnic conditions. Arterial flow measurement will be performed using a phase contrast flow sensitizing MRI pulse sequence. Cross-sectional areas and mean blood flow of the carotid and vertebral arteries will be measured, with total blood flow in all four vessels equaling global CBF.
Resting-state functional connectivity Baseline and post-intervention (i.e., 14-days later) for both KME and placebo conditions A resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) scan will be performed eyes closed using a gradient echo EPI sequence. The temporal and regional co-activation of brain regions in the resting state provide a measure of functional connectivity in the brain. rsfMRI data will be analyzed to measure global whole-brain functional connectivity and within localized brain regions of interest.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Cognitive testing Baseline and post-intervention (i.e., 14-days later) for both KME and placebo conditions A battery of computerized validated psychometric tests will be used, including: the Mnemonic similarities task (MST) to assess hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, the Stroop colour-word task to assess processing speed, working memory, attention, and inhibitory control, and a shortened version of the Odd-One-Out test to measure working memory and executive function. A non-computerized dual-task test will be performed to assess the multitasking ability of walking while performing another cognitive task.
Microstructural white matter health Baseline and post-intervention (i.e., 14-days later) for both KME and placebo conditions Dual spin echo, echo-planar imaging (EPI) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequence collected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess brain white matter microstructural integrity.
Cerebrovascular reactivity Baseline and post-intervention (i.e., 14-days later) for both KME and placebo conditions The phase contrast flow sensitizing MRI pulse and resting state functional MRI sequences will both be repeated while participants undergo an elevated CO2 breathing task. Cerebrovascular function will be calculated from the stimulus-response relationship between PaCO2 and (1) phase contrast: cross sectional areas of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, and (2) rsfMRI: % change BOLD/mmHg.
Blood-borne biomarkers Baseline and post-intervention (i.e., 14-days later) for both KME and placebo conditions A venous blood sample will be collected to assess circulating concentrations of various hormones and metabolites (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor \[BDNF\]) that relate to brain health, metabolism, and inflammation.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
McMaster University
🇨🇦Hamilton, Ontario, Canada