Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiome Transplantation (FMT) in the Treatment of Antibiotic Dependent Pouchitis (ADP)

Phase 1

Terminated

Conditions: Pouchitis

Interventions: Biological: Active FMT, then open label FMT
Biological: Placebo FMT, then open label FMT

Registration Number: NCT02782325

Lead Sponsor: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Brief Summary: Antibiotic dependent pouchitis (ADP) is predestined to benefit from FMT, since bacterial dysbiosis, which can only be controlled with antibiotics, appears to be the major driver of the clinical symptoms. This is a proof of concept randomized placebo controlled trial, in which 50% of the patients will receive FMT and 50% will receive a placebo FMT. Additionally the trial offers an open label extension period.

Detailed Description: FMT for ADP is a promising approach, given the documented role of bacteria in the pathogenesis. In contrast to patients with C. difficile colitis, in whom a single FMT is highly effective, in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) an intensified therapy with daily or repeated FMT may be more beneficial. Whereas repeated endoscopic application are not feasible and repeated enema applications are not favored by patients a combination of endoscopic FMT and consecutive maintenance therapy with oral FMT using the FMT capsule G3 produced by OpenBiome to help establish the donor microbiome in the host seems to be the most promising approach. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the safety of FMT in patients with ADP and to estimate the effect size to be achieved from FMT therapy in patients with ADP for subsequent evaluation in a large definitive trial. A secondary objective is to study the microbial engraftment of donor FMT in the recipients.

This proof of concept randomized placebo controlled trial with an open label extension period will evaluate the safety and efficacy of an initial endoscopic FMT followed by 14 days of oral FMT. The study has two distinct outcomes, a clinical and translational aim, to investigate the effect of FMT in patients with ADP.

Aim1: Evaluation of safety, tolerability and clinical effectiveness (measured as clinical response or remission and discontinuation of antibiotic therapy) of FMT in patients with ADP.

Aim 2: Evaluation of the impact of FMT on the fecal bacterial microbiome in patients with ADP, which will provide functional data about possible mechanisms of this therapy.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: TERMINATED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 6

Inclusion Criteria

Signed informed consent.
Man or woman between 18 and 70 years of age.
Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis (IPAA) after colectomy for ulcerative colitis
Active pouchitis, defined as a modified pouch disease activity index (mPDAI) ≥ 5 and a history of ≥ 4 antibiotic therapies for pouchitis in the last 12 months

Need for ongoing antibiotic therapy (> 4 weeks) to maintain clinical remission and a history of at least 2 attempts in the last 24 months to stop antibiotic therapy resulting in pouchitis episodes.

Exclusion Criteria

Treatment with biologics (e.g. infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, vedolizumab)
Treatment with immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), methotrexate), steroids or any investigational drugs
Use of cholestyramine
Crohn's disease of the pouch
Known cytomegalovirus infection of the pouch
Clostridium difficile infection
Isolated cuffitis
Clinical significant strictures of the pouch inlet or outlet
Concurrent intestinal obstruction
History of familial adenomatous polyposis
History of uncontrolled lactose intolerance
History of confirmed (serological test and/or histology) celiac disease
Pregnancy, breast feeding, or planning to become pregnant during the trial
Non - steroidal inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) as long-term treatment, defined as use for at least 4 days a week each month
Dysphagia (oropharyngeal, esophageal, functional, neuromuscular)
History of recurrent aspiration episodes
Proven Gastroparesis
Allergy to the following generally regarded as safe ingredients (GRAS): glycerol, acid resistant hypromellose (HPMC), gellan gum, cocoa butter, titanium dioxide
Adverse event attributable to previous FMT
Allergy/intolerance to pump inhibitor therapy
Any condition for which the investigator thinks the FMT treatment may pose a health risk (e.g. severely immunocompromised)
Participation in another clinical trial within the last 30 days, simultaneous participation in another clinical trial, or previous participation in this trial
During the trial period until one week after the trial end: Non-use of appropriate contraceptives in females of childbearing potential (e.g. condoms, intrauterine device (IUD), hormonal contraception, or other means considered adequate by the responsible investigator) or in males with a child-fathering potential (condoms, or other means considered adequate by the responsible investigator during treatment - Well-founded doubt about the patient's cooperation

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Active FMT, then open label FMT	Active FMT, then open label FMT	Endoscopic application of OpenBiome FMT Lower Delivery followed by 2 weeks of treatment with OpenBiome FMT Capsules G3 with follow-up at week 4, 8, 16 and 24 after inclusion. In case the study patient does not achieve clinical remission at week 4 or experiences a flare of disease on day 15-28 after start of the study he/she will be offered the possibility to participate in open label extension after at least 10 day of antibiotic therapy with an additional endoscopic FMT followed by 2 weeks of oral FMT. Follow-up will occur in open label at week 4, 8, 16 and 24 after open label FMT.
Placebo FMT, then open label FMT	Placebo FMT, then open label FMT	Endoscopic application of Placebo FMT Lower Delivery followed by 2 weeks of treatment with Placebo FMT Capsules G3 with follow-up at week 4, 8, 16 and 24 after inclusion. In case the study patient does not achieve clinical remission at week 4 or experiences a flare of disease on day 15-28 after start of the study he/she will be offered the possibility to participate in open label extension after at least 10 day of antibiotic therapy with an additional endoscopic FMT followed by 2 weeks of oral FMT. Follow-up will occur in open label at week 4, 8, 16 and 24 after open label FMT.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Patients With FMT Related Adverse Event	24 weeks	Number of patients with FMT related adverse event (classified according to MedDRA; lowest level term) and categorized according to CTCAE Version 4.0. The safety was assessed in the randomized placebo controlled segment of the study over 24 weeks after initial endoscopic FMT weeks and if the patient should enter the open label extension part of the study also for 24 weeks after initial open label FMT. 6 patients participated in the randomized arm and 5 patients in the open label extension arm.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Patients in Clinical Remission Week 4 After Endoscopic and Oral FMT	4 weeks	Clinical remission as defined by a composite assessment, of which all criteria need to be met: Clinical modified pouch diseases activity index (mPDAI) score ≤4 points and no need for antibiotic therapy at week 4.
Number of Patients With Endoscopic Improvement Week 4 After Endoscopic and Oral FMT	4 weeks	Endoscopic improvement of active pouchitis (decrease from baseline in modified pouch disease activity index endoscopic subscore \> 2 points) at week 4.
Number of Patients With Clinical Response at Week 4 in Patients Entering the Trial With Active Pouchitis Symptoms	4 weeks	This outcome measure is for patients with active pouchitis symptoms entering the trial. Since all patients entered with inactive pouchitis no patient could be evaluated for this outcome. Response as defined by a composite assessment of which both criteria has to be met: Decrease from baseline mPDAI clinical subscore \> 2 points and no need for antibiotic therapy at week 4.
Number of Patients With Clinical Response Week 8 and Active Pouchitis at Baseline	8 weeks	Response as defined by a composite assessment of which both criteria has to be met: Decrease from baseline mPDAI clinical subscore \> 2 points and no need for antibiotic therapy at week 8 of the randomized phase.
Number of Patients With Clinical Response i at Week 16 and Active Pouchitis at Baseline	16 weeks	This outcome measure is for patients with active pouchitis symptoms entering the trial. Response as defined by a composite assessment of which both criteria has to be met: Decrease from baseline mPDAI clinical subscore \> 2 points and no need for antibiotic therapy at week 16.
Number of Patients in Clinical Remission Week 16	16 weeks	Clinical remission as defined by a composite assessment, of which all criteria need to be met: Clinical mPDAI score ≤4 points and no need for antibiotic therapy at week 16.