Therapeutic effects of ultrasound-mediated phonophoresis using gold nanoparticles in musculoskeletal inflammation among male adults

Background: Phonophoresis can be described as a non-invasive technique that uses piezoelectric potential of ultrasound to increase the percutaneous absorption of a drug, usually an anti-inflammatory or anesthetic agents, for the management of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal/sports-related injuries. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used in medical field and has been employed for diagnostics, and have seen increasing use in the area of therapeutics.

Aim of the study: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of US- mediated phonophoresis using AuNps in musculoskeletal inflammation among male adults.

Methodology: Study design is Experimental and total of 40 subjects are included using random sampling method. 40 subjects are divided into 4 groups: Group A (Phonophoresis with Analgesics) = 10, Group B (Phonophoresis with AuNp) =10, Group C=10(Control group- UST) and Group D =10(Application of AuNp). Procedure: All the four groups will receive exercise induced DOMS in calf area and then pretest measures will be taken for subjects using inflammatory markers (Detection of IL-6), Algometry and VAS. Intervention will be given using Phonophoresis after 6, 12, 24 and 26 hours after inducing DOMS. The posttest measures will be taken after every intervention.

Statistical Analysis will be done using Descriptive statistics, Paired t test between the groups and Correlation between the outcome measures.