Effects of Plant-based Meat Alternatives in Comparison to Chicken Meat on Postprandial Metabolism in Healthy Adults
- Conditions
- Plasma Amino Acid Appearance and DisappearancePostprandial Metabolic Events
- Interventions
- Other: Pea proteinOther: Wheat proteinOther: Soy proteinOther: Chicken
- Registration Number
- NCT06618729
- Lead Sponsor
- University of Bonn
- Brief Summary
The aim of this study is to investigate the postprandial metabolic responses to plant-based meat alternatives made from different protein ingredients (pea, wheat or soy protein) in comparison to chicken in healthy adults. Therefore, young healthy subjects consume 4 test meals with 40 g of protein from pea protein, wheat protein, soy protein or chicken in a randomized order. In a postprandial period of 6 hours, parameters of protein, glucose and lipid metabolism (i.a. plasma amino acids), gastric emptying and hunger/satiety are analysed. It is assumed that the plasma amino acid profile after plant protein ingestion differs depending on protein source and in comparison to chicken protein.
- Detailed Description
In a randomized crossover-design, 20 healthy women and men consume 4 test meals containing either 40 g of protein from plant-based meat alternatives (pea, wheat and soy protein extrudate) or chicken together with 1 g paracetamol, which is used as a marker for gastric emptying.
During a postprandial period of 6 hours parameters of protein metabolism (e.g. amino acids in plasma and urine), glucose metabolism (e.g. plasma glucose, serum insulin), lipid metabolism (serum triglycerides, total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, free fatty acids), serum uric acids, hunger- and satiety-associated gastrointestinal hormones (serum ghrelin, plasma GLP-1), and gastric emptying rate (based on plasma paracetamol) are analysed. Furthermore, subjective hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals are assed using visual analogue scales. Each intervention arm will be separated by a washout period of at least 7 days.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 20
- non-smoking
- metabolically healthy
- normal weight (BMI: 18,5 - 24,9 kg/m2)
- written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria
- pregnancy, lactation
- hypo- or hypertension
- underweight or overweight/obesity
- food intolerances and allergies (especially soy, pea, wheat/gluten)
- malabsorption syndromes
- gastrointestinal diseases
- thyroid diseases
- diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2
- impaired kidney or liver function
- anaemia
- blood coagulation disorders
- irregular menstrual cycle
- endometriosis, severe menstrual problems
- hormonal contraception
- regular use of medications (especially habitual use of paracetamol or medications that may interact with paracetamol)
- hypersensitivity to paracetamol
- body weight below 50 kg
- alcohol abuse
- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
- Gilbert's syndrome
- eating disorders (especially anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa)
- smoking
- participation in another study
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- CROSSOVER
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Pea protein Pea protein Participants randomized to receive a meal containing 40 g of protein from pea protein extrudate Wheat protein extrudate Wheat protein Participants randomized to receive a meal containing 40 g of protein from wheat protein extrudate Soy protein Soy protein Participants randomized to receive a meal containing 40 g of protein from soy protein extrudate Chicken Chicken Participants randomized to receive a meal containing 40 g of protein from chicken meat
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Amino acid profile in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of amino acid profile in plasma (nmol/ml)
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Insulin in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of insulin (pmol/L) in blood
C-peptide in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 360 minutes) Analysis C-peptide (pg/ml) in blood
Glucagon in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of glucagon (pg/ml) in blood
Amino acid profile in urine Postprandial period of 6 hours Analysis of amino acids in urine (nmol/mL)
Urea in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of urea (mg/dL) in blood
Nitrogen in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of nitrogen (mg/dL) in blood
Glucose in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of glucose (mmol/L) in blood
Uric acid in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of uric acid (mg/dL) in blood
Calcium in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of calcium (mmol/l) in blood
Iron in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of iron (µg/l) in blood
Zinc in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of zinc (µg/l) in blood
Selenium in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of selenium (µg/l) in blood
Copper in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of copper (µg/l) in blood
Triglycerides in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of triglycerides (mmol/l) in blood
Total cholesterol in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of total cholesterol (mmol/l) in blood
LDL cholesterol in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) in blood
HDL cholesterol in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) in blood
Free fatty acids in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of free fatty acids (mmol/L) in blood
Gastric emptying rate Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of gastric emptying rate based on paracetamol kinetics in blood (µg/mL)
Ghrelin in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) Analysis of ghrelin (pg/mL) in blood
GLP-1 in blood Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 360 minutes) Analysis of GLP-1 (pg/ml) in blood
Hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes) Assessment of subjective hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals by validated visual analogue scale questionnaires (paper-pencil)
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology
🇩🇪Bonn, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany