Effect of Kefir on Appetite
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 24
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Fullness rating
研究概览
简要总结
This study aimed to determine the effect of kefir on appetite in healthy subjects. A randomized, single-blind, and 3-intervention crossover trial included 22 healthy and normal-weight (BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2) females aged 21-24 years. Participants were recruited to three test meals: an LGI-Milk, an LGI-Kefir, and an HGI-Kefir, with a one-week washout period. Appetite ratings were measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. At the end of three hours, participants were served an ad libitum lunch meal. Then, the foods eaten at lunch were recorded and their energy and nutrient analysis was calculated.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Screening
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 21 Years 至 24 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Normal-weight (BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2)
- •21-24 years
排除标准
- •During the last three months, change more than 5 kg in body weight or following an energy-restricted diet
- •Being a vegan
- •Having any chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, etc.
- •Physician-diagnosed medications or conditions that influence metabolism
- •Practicing endurance sports
- •Having difficulties with swallowing/eating
- •Lack of appetite
- •Hypersensitivity for the foods understudy
- •Pregnant or lactating
结局指标
主要结局
Fullness rating
时间窗: Three hours postprandial period
Subjective assessment of appetite sensations was performed by using a visual analog scale (VAS) composed of lines (of 100 mm in length) with words anchored at each end, expressing the most positive and the most negative rating. VAS ratings were measured by using a question "How full do you feel? (not at all full - totally full)" at time points 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes, and fullness rating was quantified as AUC (mm x min), which was calculated according to the trapezoidal rule by using those VAS scores. Total scale score changes in a range of 0-100. Higher values represent a better outcome.
Hunger rating
时间窗: Three hours postprandial period
Subjective assessment of appetite sensations was performed by using a visual analog scale (VAS) composed of lines (of 100 mm in length) with words anchored at each end, expressing the most positive and the most negative rating. VAS ratings were measured by using a question "How hungry do you feel? (not at all hungry - as hungry as I ever felt)" at time points 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes, and hunger rating was quantified as AUC (mm x min), which was calculated according to the trapezoidal rule by using those VAS scores. Total scale score changes in a range of 0-100. Higher values represent a worse outcome.
Desiring to eat
时间窗: Three hours postprandial period
Subjective assessment of appetite sensations was performed by using a visual analog scale (VAS) composed of lines (of 100 mm in length) with words anchored at each end, expressing the most positive and the most negative rating. VAS ratings were measured by using a question "How strong is your desire to eat? (very weak - very strong)" at time points 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes, and desiring to eat was quantified as AUC (mm x min), which was calculated according to the trapezoidal rule by using those VAS scores. Total scale score changes in a range of 0-100. Higher values represent a worse outcome.
Subsequent energy consumption
时间窗: Three hours after the test breakfast
Energy intake at ad libitum lunch was calculated.
Prospective food consumption
时间窗: Three hours postprandial period
Subjective assessment of appetite sensations was performed by using a visual analog scale (VAS) composed of lines (of 100 mm in length) with words anchored at each end, expressing the most positive and the most negative rating. VAS ratings were measured by using a question "How much do you think you can eat? (no food at all - a large amount of food)" at time points 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes, and prospective food consumption was quantified as AUC (mm x min), which was calculated according to the trapezoidal rule by using those VAS scores. Total scale score changes in a range of 0-100. Higher values represent a worse outcome.
Composite appetite score
时间窗: Three hours postprandial period
The separate visual analog scale factors like hunger, fullness, desiring for eat, and prospective food consumption were combined to produce an additional measure termed 'composite appetite score'. This average appetite score was computed for 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes using the following equation: \[(hunger + desire to eat + prospective food consumption + (100 - fullness)\]/4 Total scale score changes in a range of 0-100. Higher values represent a worse outcome.
次要结局
- Visual appeal of test meal(Immediately after consuming test meal (at 15 min))
- Desiring for fatty(Three hours postprandial period)
- Desiring for sweet(Three hours postprandial period)
- Desiring for salty(Three hours postprandial period)
- Desiring for savoury(Three hours postprandial period)
- Smell of test meal(Immediately after consuming test meal (at 15 min))
- Taste of test meal(Immediately after consuming test meal (at 15 min))
- Palatability of test meal(Immediately after consuming test meal (at 15 min))
- Aftertaste of test meal(Immediately after consuming test meal (at 15 min))
研究者
Zeynep Caferoglu, PhD
Assistant Professor Doctor
TC Erciyes University