Efficacy and Safety of Chloroquine for Plasmodium Vivax in the Philippines in 2016.
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 74
- 主要终点
- Number of Patients with Early Treatment Failure (ETF)
研究概览
简要总结
Chloroquine (CQ) is officially used as a first-line drug of Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Philippines. In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of CQ for the treatment of uncomplicated P. vivax malaria in three (3) municipalities (Bataraza, Brooke's Point and Rizal) of Palawan was evaluated using the World Health Organization protocol with a follow-up of 28 days and additional 2 days (Day 31 and 34) for hemoglobin monitoring after primaquine treatment. Study subjects were febrile individuals between > 6 months old and 59 years old with confirmed uncomplicated P. vivax infections. Chloroquine was administered according to body weight at a total dose of 25 mg/kg over 3 days (10 mg/kg on Day 0; 10 mg/kg on Day 1 and 5 mg/kg on Day 2), and primaquine following the National Treatment Guidelines. During the 1 year period that this report covers, there were 8,305 individuals were screened.
详细描述
In 2002, the Philippines changed its antimalarial drug policy to a combination treatment, CQ+SP as the 1st-line treatment and artemether-lumefantrine as the 2nd-line treatment. The DOH prescribed the use of an artemether-lumefantrine (AL) combination as the second-line drug, limiting its use only in the treatment of confirmed Plasmodium falciparum, until a further study on its efficacy was done before making it the first-line treatment. Consequently, AL became the first-line drug for falciparum malaria in the 2009 revised drug policy. The DOH in the past 6 years (2002-2007) adopted the use of AL in the highly endemic areas of the country and conducted therapeutic efficacy studies (TES) in 3 sentinel sites: Kalinga-Isabela, Palawan and several Mindanao provinces, showing 97-100% efficacy. Whereas CQ+SP showed variability and declining efficacy, results ranged from 70%-95% (CARAGA region). In Sultan Kudarat province, results in 2006-2007 showed 90% efficacy of CQ+SP and 96% for AL for falciparum malaria.
In the 2009 drug policy, chloroquine (CQ) remains the primary treatment for P. vivax malaria, with primaquine as an anti-relapse drug. Previous studies (1999-2005) elsewhere in the country have shown 100% efficacy of CQ or the CQ+PQ combination. Furthermore, in the 2013-2014 study, recurrence of parasitemia was observed in two of 75 enrolled patients in Palawan. This study updates the drug efficacy for P. vivax malaria in the country.
STUDY OBJECTIVES The general objective of this study is to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of P. vivax infections in Palawan province, the Philippines in 2016.
The specific objectives are:
- To measure the clinical and parasitological efficacy of Chloroquine among patients aged between > 6 months and 59 years old suffering from vivax malaria, by determining the proportion of patients with Early Treatment Failure (ETF), Late Clinical Failure (LTF), Late Parasitological Failure (LPF), or with an Adequate Clinical and Parasitological Response (ACPR) as indicators of efficacy;
- To evaluate the incidence of adverse events;
- To formulate recommendations to enable the Department of Health to make informed decisions about the possible need for updating of the current national antimalarial treatment guidelines.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Prospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 6 Months 至 59 Years（Child, Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Above 6 months old to 59 years old;
- •Mono-infection with P. vivax (≥250/ul)
- •Axillary temperature ≥37.5 °C or oral/rectal temperature of ≥38 °C;
- •Glucose-6-dehydrogenase (G6PD) test normal for vivax patients if available
- •Ability to swallow medication;
- •Ability and willingness to comply with the study protocol for the duration of the study and to comply with the study visit schedule;
- •Informed consent from the patient or from a parent or legal guardian in the case of children less than 18 years old;
- •Informed assent from any minor participant aged 12 - 17 years; and
- •Consent for pregnancy testing from females of child-bearing potential and from their parent or guardian if under 18 years old.
排除标准
- •Presence of general danger signs among children <5 years old or other signs of severe and complicated falciparum malaria according to current WHO definitions
- •Mixed Plasmodium species;
- •Presence of severe malnutrition
- •Presence of febrile conditions due to diseases other than malaria (measles, acute lower tract respiratory infection, severe diarrhea with dehydration, etc.), or other known underlying chronic or severe diseases (e.g. cardiac, renal, hepatic diseases, HIV/AIDS)
- •History of hypersensitivity reactions to any of the drug(s) being tested or used as alternative treatment.
研究组 & 干预措施
Patients detected with Plasmodium vivax (Chloroquine)
Patients with mono-infection of Plasmodium falciparum with ≥ 250 per µl
干预措施: Chloroquine (Drug)
Patients detected with Plasmodium vivax (Chloroquine)
Patients with mono-infection of Plasmodium falciparum with ≥ 250 per µl
干预措施: Primaquine (Drug)
结局指标
主要结局
Number of Patients with Early Treatment Failure (ETF)
时间窗: Day 1-3
The number of patients with the following criteria based on microscopy results without PCR: * Development of danger signs or severe malaria on day 1, day 2, or day 3 in the presence of parasitemia; * Parasitaemia on day 2 higher than day 0 count irrespective of axillary temperature; * Parasitaemia on day 3 with axillary temperature ≥37.5 ºC; * Parasitaemia on day 3 ≥25% of count on day 0.
Number of Patients with Late Parasitological Failure (LPF)
时间窗: Day 7-28
The number of patients with the presence of parasitemia on any day from day 7 to day 28 and axillary temperature \<37.5 ºC, without previously meeting any of the criteria of Early Treatment Failure or Late Clinical Failure.
Number of Patients with Adequate Clinical and Parasitological Response (ACPR)
时间窗: Day 0-28
The number of patients with absence of parasitemia on day 28 irrespective of axillary temperature without previously meeting any of the criteria of Early Treatment Failure or Late Clinical Failure or Late Parasitological Failure.
Number of Patients with Late Clinical Failure (LCF)
时间窗: Day 4-28
The number of patients with the following criteria based on microscopy results without PCR: * Development of danger signs or severe malaria on day 1, day 2, or day 3 in the presence of parasitemia; * Parasitaemia on day 2 higher than day 0 count irrespective of axillary temperature; * Parasitaemia on day 3 with axillary temperature ≥37.5 ºC; * Parasitaemia on day 3 ≥25% of count on day 0.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Fe Espino
Principal Investigator, Head of Parasitology Department
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Philippines