The Role of Ga68-PSMA-11 PET Imaging in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy

It is a single-arm clinical trial. The primary endpoint is diagnostic positivity rate of Ga68-PSMA-11 in metastasis lesion. Sample size calculation is performed using two-sided one-proportion test to achieving an 82% power at the 5% level of significance. The primary measurement of positivity can be obtained for the one-proportion test with statistical hypotheses H0: P = P0 versus H1: P≠P0. We assume the alternative positivity rate is 65.9% and the null positivity rate is 43.9% which is the reference value from Maurer T et al (J Urol. 2016;195:1436-1443). Thus, the sample size needed is 43. According to the estimated missing rate 15%, the sample size in this study is 51. The sample size calculation was performed using PASS software (Power Analysis and Sample Size version 11.0.8, NCSS, Kaysville, Utah, USA). All subjects enrolled must meet eligibility criteria based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria detailed in Section 5.4 and 5.5.

For PET/CT PSMA scan, the subject will have catheter(s) placed for intravenous administration of [68Ga]PSMA-11. Subjects will receive a single intravenous bolus of 2-5 mCi [68Ga]PSMA-11 and received PET/CT scan 60 minutes later. The data acquisition begin with non-contrast CT at 120kVp, automated mAs, and a pitch of 1.5, followed by PET acquisition from the mid-thigh to skull-base, 3 minutes each bed. After image acquisition, the subject will be observed for half an hour, and will be discharged if no adverse event happens. EKG, blood and biochemistry test will be performed before and after scan no more than two weeks. Patient will underwent two times of PSMA-11 PET/CT scans before and under androgen deprivation therapy within a 10-14 weeks interval. In the follow up period, if metastatic castration-resistance status happens, patient may underwent optional PSMA-11 PET/CT scan by attending's discrimination in order to give appropriate treatment suggestions.

Time elapsed from the last PSA determination until PET scan was no more than 6 weeks in all patients. Patients will receive complementary workups. All of the images were interpreted by a team of two nuclear medicine physicians and one radiologist. In cases of questionable findings, the decision was made by consensus of at least two observers using pre-specified criteria. For patients with discrepancy image findings between each modality, biopsy results may be taken into consideration to determine the final status.