A Phase I Clinical Trial Combining Nivolumab and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) for Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Overview
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Status
- Completed
- Enrollment
- 20
- Locations
- 2
- Primary Endpoint
- Rate of Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)
Overview
Brief Summary
Investigators plan to study the safety, side effects, and benefits of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) when they are given with the drug nivolumab. Nivolumab is a type of immunotherapy - a drug that is used to boost the ability of the immune system to fight cancer, infection, and other diseases.
Detailed Description
In this study, these special immune T-cells will be taken from a sample of the participant's tumor tissue that will be surgically removed. Certain parts of these cells will be multiplied, or grown, in the laboratory, using the drug interleukin-2 (IL-2) during part of the process. They will then be given back to the participant by an infusion in their veins. These cells are called tumor- infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The use of TILs involves a combination of drugs, including the following:
- Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide - two types of chemotherapy drugs. These drugs will be used for what is called lymphodepletion. The purpose of lymphodepletion in this study is to temporarily reduce the number of normal lymphocytes circulating in the participant's body before they are given the TILs that were grown in the lab. This is so that there will be more "space" for the lymphocytes (TILs) that will be infused in their veins.
- Interleukin-2 (IL-2) - a drug used to help the body's response to treatment on the immune system. A high dose regimen of IL-2 will be given after the participant receives the infusion of the T-cells.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Na
- Intervention Model
- Single Group
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Age \>18 years
- •Able to understand and give written informed consent
- •Confirmed or suspected diagnosis of stage IV or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For suspected NSCLC, diagnosis must be histologically or cytologically confirmed prior to start of nivolumab treatment. Neuroendocrine cancers, or mixed neuroendocrine features in \>10% of tumor cells, are excluded.
- •Tumor deemed accessible by metastasectomy (TIL harvest) which expects to yield \>1.5 cm\^3 of resectable tumor amount.
- •Measurable disease, even after resection of applicable lesion for TIL harvest. Defined as ≥1 lesion that is ≥10 mm in one dimension by CT scan, MRI, or calipers on clinical exam.
- •Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
- •Expected survival \> 6 months
- •Patients with activating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutation or Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) rearrangement which is expected to be responsive to available tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, must have been previously treated with an applicable tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
- •Adequate normal organ and marrow function in an assessment performed within 7 days (+ 3 day window) of enrollment, defined as: Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dL; Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.0 x 10\^9/L (\> 1000 per mm\^3); Platelet count ≥ 100 x 10\^9/L (\>100,000 per mm\^3); Prothrombin Time (PT) and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) ≤ 1.5x the institutional upper limit of normal (ULN), (This will not apply to patients with confirmed Factor XII deficiency.); Serum bilirubin ≤ 1.5x the institutional ULN, or ≤ 3x ULN if confirmed Gilbert's syndrome (persistent or recurrent hyperbilirubinemia that is predominantly unconjugated in the absence of hemolysis or hepatic pathology); Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (SGOT)/Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) (SGPT) ≤ 2.5x institutional ULN unless liver metastases are present, in which case it must be ≤ 5x ULN; Serum creatinine of ≤ 1.5x institutional ULN; Albumin ≥ 2.5 g/dl.
- •Positive screening Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) antibody titer on screening test.
Exclusion Criteria
- •More than 5 lines of prior systemic therapy in the preceding 3 years.
- •Any previous treatment with a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor, including but not limited to: nivolumab, atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, or durvalumab.
- •Current or prior use of any immunosuppressive medications, such as corticosteroids, within 14 days before enrollment. a.) Oral hydrocortisone, only for the purposes of a documented and confirmed adrenal insufficiency diagnosis, is permitted if ≤ 25 mg daily total dose. b.) Inhaled, intranasal, or topical corticosteroids are permitted.
- •Patients with untreated brain metastases. Treated brain metastases with radiation or surgery are allowed if: ≤ 3 cm in size AND ≤ 4 in number AND there is no evidence of progressive disease, on brain imaging ≥ 28 days after last day of central nervous system (CNS) treatment.
- •History of leptomeningeal metastases.
- •Current or prior use of anticancer therapy before TIL collection: a.) Chemotherapy within the past 4 weeks; b.) Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) within the past 1 week; c.) Investigational therapy within the past 4 weeks or 4 half-lives, whichever is shorter.
- •Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia (other than stable atrial fibrillation) and significant carotid artery stenosis.
- •Known to be HIV positive, hepatitis B or C positive, or both Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) and Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody (FTA positive). (Hepatitis B surface or core antibody alone is not indicative of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection).
- •Patients with rapidly progressing tumors, as judged by the investigator.
- •Mean QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) ≥470 ms calculated from electrocardiograms (ECGs) using Bazett's Correction
Arms & Interventions
TIL+ Nivolumab
Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy (TIL) + Nivolumab Treatment Plan: Tumor harvest, Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes growth, 4 cycles of nivolumab, cytoreductive chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, TIL infusion, Interleukin-2 treatment.
Intervention: Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) (Procedure)
TIL+ Nivolumab
Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy (TIL) + Nivolumab Treatment Plan: Tumor harvest, Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes growth, 4 cycles of nivolumab, cytoreductive chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, TIL infusion, Interleukin-2 treatment.
Intervention: Nivolumab (Drug)
TIL+ Nivolumab
Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy (TIL) + Nivolumab Treatment Plan: Tumor harvest, Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes growth, 4 cycles of nivolumab, cytoreductive chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, TIL infusion, Interleukin-2 treatment.
Intervention: Cyclophosphamide (Drug)
TIL+ Nivolumab
Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy (TIL) + Nivolumab Treatment Plan: Tumor harvest, Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes growth, 4 cycles of nivolumab, cytoreductive chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, TIL infusion, Interleukin-2 treatment.
Intervention: Fludarabine (Drug)
TIL+ Nivolumab
Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy (TIL) + Nivolumab Treatment Plan: Tumor harvest, Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes growth, 4 cycles of nivolumab, cytoreductive chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, TIL infusion, Interleukin-2 treatment.
Intervention: Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy (Other)
TIL+ Nivolumab
Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy (TIL) + Nivolumab Treatment Plan: Tumor harvest, Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes growth, 4 cycles of nivolumab, cytoreductive chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, TIL infusion, Interleukin-2 treatment.
Intervention: Interleukin-2 (IL2) (Drug)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Rate of Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)
Time Frame: Up to 40 months
Investigators plan to demonstrate that treatment with nivolumab in patients undergoing TIL therapy is safe with a continuous Pocock-type stopping boundary for serious toxicity of \< 17%, with safety reported based upon Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 criteria. DLT defined as: any grade ≥3 immune-related adverse event definitely attributable to nivolumab. DLT related to adoptive cell therapy will be defined as a non-hematologic grade 4 or higher adverse event that is immediately life-threatening occurring upon or after the start of therapy that is immediately life-threatening and not related to non-small cell lung cancer or other pre-existing condition. Safety: Toxicity will be assessed within 4 weeks of the adoptive TIL transfer. The accrual will be halted if excessive numbers of participants with toxicity are seen. For example, if there are 5 or more out of 10 participants (full follow-up) with toxicity, the trial will be stopped.
Secondary Outcomes
- Number of Participants With Objective Response(Up to 40 months)