Axitinib Before Surgery in Treating Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Stage IV Prostate Cancer
Stage III Prostate Cancer

Interventions: Procedure: therapeutic conventional surgery
Drug: axitinib
Other: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Other: laboratory biomarker analysis

Registration Number: NCT01385059

Lead Sponsor: City of Hope Medical Center

Brief Summary: This randomized phase II trial studies how well axitinib works in treating patients with high-risk prostate cancer before undergoing surgery. Axitinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Giving axitinib before surgery may make the tumor smaller and reduce the amount of normal cells that have to be removed

Detailed Description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine if axitinib modulates pre-metastatic niche density in patients with high-risk prostate cancer.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine if pre-metastatic niche density in regional lymph nodes (LNs) is associated with progression-free survival (PFS).

II. To determine if therapy with axitinib prolongs time to biochemical recurrence.

III. To determine if phosphorylated form of signal transducer and activator of transcription (pSTAT)3 in tumor tissue is associated with biochemical recurrence.

IV. To determine if myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) recruitment in tumor tissue is associated with biochemical recurrence.

V. To determine if lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression in tumor tissue is associated with biochemical recurrence.

VI. To evaluate time to metastatic recurrence.

VII. To determine the rate of erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence (grade \>= 3 for both) in the setting of preoperative axitinib therapy.

VIII. To evaluate changes in blood-based biomarkers (pSTAT3 and selected angiogenic factors) from baseline to the time of prostatectomy.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

ARM I: Patients receive axitinib orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days 1-28. Patients then undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

ARM II: Patients undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection at 5-6 weeks after biopsy confirmation of prostate cancer.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: Male

Target Recruitment: 11

Inclusion Criteria

Histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer
High-risk prostate cancer as defined by 1 of the 3 following criteria:
- Baseline prostate specific antigen (PSA) > 20
- Clinical stage >= T3a and
- Gleason score 8-9
Subjects must be appropriate candidates for prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection, as deemed by multidisciplinary tumor team; subjects must provide informed consent to these procedures prior to initiating study treatment
Subjects must provide written informed consent prior to performance of study-specific procedures or assessments, and must be willing to comply with treatment and follow-up; procedures conducted as part of the subject's routine clinical management (e.g., blood count, imaging study) and obtained prior to signing of informed consent may be utilized for screening or baseline purposes provided these procedures are conducted as specified in the protocol
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1500 cells/mm^3
Platelets >= 100,000 cells/mm^3
Hemoglobin >= 9.0 g/dL
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 X upper limit of normal (ULN)
Total bilirubin =< 1.5 X ULN
Serum creatinine =< 1.5 X ULN or calculated creatinine clearance >= 60 mL/min
Urinary protein < 2+ by urine analysis (UA); if UA is >= 2+ for protein then a 24-hour urine collection can be done and the patient may enter only if urinary protein is < 2 g per 24 hours
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
Life expectancy of >= 12 weeks
No prior systemic therapy for prostate cancer
No evidence of preexisting uncontrolled hypertension as documented by 2 consecutive blood pressure readings taken within 1 hour; the baseline systolic blood pressure readings must be =< 140 mm mercury (Hg), and the baseline diastolic blood pressure readings must be =< 90 mm Hg; patients whose hypertension is controlled by antihypertensive therapies are eligible
Within 2 weeks of consent (and prior to initiating systemic therapy with axitinib if randomized to that arm), patients should visit with a radiation oncologist to discuss the option of radiation therapy (potentially with concomitant androgen deprivation therapy) for high-risk disease; if the patient has met with a radiation oncologist within 3 months of study enrollment to discuss the possibility of radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer, then this will suffice; patients do not have the right to refuse consultation; if this is the case, it must be documented by the treating physician in the medical record
Signed and dated informed consent document indicating that the patient (or legally acceptable representative) has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the trial prior to enrollment

Exclusion Criteria

Prior systemic therapy for prostate cancer (including by not limited to endocrine therapy; i.e., LHRH analogues, antiandrogens, etc.)
Evidence of metastatic disease
Prior radiation therapy for prostate cancer
Known history of allergic reactions to axitinib or other VEGF-TKIs
Presence of serious or uncontrollable infection
Major surgery <4 weeks of starting the study treatment
Gastrointestinal abnormalities including:
- Inability to take oral medication
- Requirement for intravenous alimentation
- Prior surgical procedures affecting absorption including total gastric resection
- Treatment for active peptic ulcer disease in the past 6 months
- Active gastrointestinal bleeding, unrelated to cancer, as evidenced by hematemesis, hematochezia or melena in the past 3 months without evidence of resolution documented by endoscopy or colonoscopy
- Malabsorption syndromes
Current use or anticipated need for treatment with drugs that are known potent cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors (ie, grapefruit juice, verapamil, ketoconazole, miconazole, itraconazole, erythromycin, telithromycin, clarithromycin, indinavir, saquinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, lopinavir, atazanavir, amprenavir, fosamprenavir and delavirdine)
Current use or anticipated need for treatment with drugs that are known CYP3A4 or cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) inducers (ie, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, felbamate, omeprazole, phenobarbital, phenytoin, amobarbital, nevirapine, primidone, rifabutin, rifampin, and St. John's wort)
Requirement of anticoagulant therapy with oral vitamin K antagonists; therapeutic use of low molecular weight heparin is allowed
Active seizure disorder
A serious uncontrolled medical disorder or active infection that would impair their ability to receive study treatment
Any of the following within the 12 months prior to study drug administration: myocardial infarction, uncontrolled angina, coronary/peripheral artery bypass graft, symptomatic congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack and 6 months for deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism
Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related illness
History of a malignancy (other than prostate cancer) except those treated with curative intent for skin cancer (other than melanoma), in situ breast or in situ cervical cancer, or those treated with curative intent for any other cancer with no evidence of disease for 2 years
Dementia or significant altered mental status that would prohibit the understanding or rendering of informed consent and compliance with the requirements of this protocol
Other severe acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition, or laboratory abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or study drug administration, or may interfere with the interpretation of study results, and in the judgment of the investigator would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Arm II (surgery)	laboratory biomarker analysis	Patients undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection at 5-6 weeks after biopsy confirmation of prostate cancer.
Arm I (neoadjuvant enzyme inhibitor and prostatectomy)	laboratory biomarker analysis	Patients receive axitinib PO BID on days 1-28. Patients then undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Arm II (surgery)	therapeutic conventional surgery	Patients undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection at 5-6 weeks after biopsy confirmation of prostate cancer.
Arm II (surgery)	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	Patients undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection at 5-6 weeks after biopsy confirmation of prostate cancer.
Arm I (neoadjuvant enzyme inhibitor and prostatectomy)	therapeutic conventional surgery	Patients receive axitinib PO BID on days 1-28. Patients then undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Arm I (neoadjuvant enzyme inhibitor and prostatectomy)	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	Patients receive axitinib PO BID on days 1-28. Patients then undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Arm I (neoadjuvant enzyme inhibitor and prostatectomy)	axitinib	Patients receive axitinib PO BID on days 1-28. Patients then undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Pre-metastatic Niche Density	At the time of prostatectomy	The niche density is defined as the average number of VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) clusters in 8 distinct 40X microscopic fields in the regional lymph nodes of patients. We will use a two sample student's T-test to compare the primary endpoint of pre-metastatic niche density in the patients treated with axitinib, as compared to the pre-metastatic niche density in the patients enrolled on the control arm.

Secondary Outcome Measures