Singing Your Negative Body-Related Thoughts: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a New Cognitive Defusion Strategy
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 133
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Believability)
研究概览
简要总结
Study Objectives:
- Examine whether singing can be used as a cognitive defusion strategy to change one's appraisals of body-related thoughts so they are less threatening to the individual.
- Explore whether this technique can change the appraisals of one's body (i.e. increasing body satisfaction, increasing body esteem, decreasing the drive towards thinness), as well as increase mood and self-esteem.
- Compare singing to the defusion strategy of verbal repetition, as well as control conditions, to determine the effectiveness of these techniques.
- Examine whether defusion techniques would be particularly beneficial for individuals with high thought-shape fusion
Study Hypotheses:
The primary hypothesis was that the cognitive defusion conditions, namely verbal repetition and singing, would foster greater detachment (i.e. defusion) from negative body-related thoughts and change thought appraisals such that these thoughts were less believable and less negative, and the individual was more willing, less likely to avoid, and less uncomfortable when engaging with these thoughts than the control conditions.
Secondary hypotheses propose that these defusion techniques will reduce negative body-related cognitions such as body image distress, drive for thinness, and body dissatisfaction to a greater extent than the control conditions. Moreover, compared to the control condition, these techniques are expected to be superior in reducing negative mood and improving self-esteem. Finally, better outcomes are expected from those in the defusion conditions who practice the technique as instructed (i.e. better homework adherence). Due to the novelty of this intervention, no specific hypotheses have been made regarding whether singing will equal or differ from verbal repetition on the aforementioned outcome measures. Moreover, due to the exploratory nature of applying defusion techniques with individuals with thought-shape fusion, no specific hypotheses have been made around anticipated changes in the perception of the thought, body image satisfaction, mood, self-esteem, and cognitive defusion within this population.
详细描述
Eating disorders are characterized by intense mental preoccupation with body shape and weight. Even in the absence of disordered eating, high levels of body dissatisfaction prospectively predict depression and low self-esteem in young women. Common intervention strategies, such as challenging the validity of negative body-related thoughts, often have limited success. Recent research suggests that accepting, rather than challenging, negative body-related thoughts may reduce body image distress by changing the relationship with those thoughts. For example, continually repeating or even singing an unwanted thought has been shown to reduce the believability and discomfort associated with that thought, through a technique known as cognitive defusion. The current study aims to extend the literature on cognitive defusion and test its effectiveness in the treatment of body dissatisfaction. In a randomized controlled trial design, 122 female restrained eaters were randomly assigned to practice either 1) verbally repeating negative body-related thoughts, 2) singing negative body-related thoughts, 3) verbally repeating body-unrelated thoughts (control), or 4) singing body-unrelated thoughts (control). The goal of this study was to determine whether singing one's negative body-related thoughts could lead to greater changes in perception of the thought, body image satisfaction, mood, and self-esteem relative to a control condition when practiced twice daily for one week.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Supportive Care
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 17 Years 至 —（Child, Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Restrained eaters, as indicated by a score of 15 or greater on the Revised Restraint Scale (Polivy, Herman, & Howard, 1988)
- •Identify as female
- •Age 17 and older
排除标准
- •Under age 17
- •Do not identify as female
- •Scores below 15 on the Revised Restraint Scale (Polivy, Herman, & Howard, 1988).
研究组 & 干预措施
Verbally repeat body-related thoughts
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
干预措施: Cognitive Defusion (Behavioral)
Sing negative body-related thoughts
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
干预措施: Cognitive Defusion (Behavioral)
Verbally repeat body-unrelated thoughts
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Sing body-unrelated thoughts
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
结局指标
主要结局
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Believability)
时间窗: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)
Participants rated the believability of their body-related thought on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means greater believability of this negative thought.
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Avoidance)
时间窗: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)
Participants rated their avoidance of their body-related thought on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means greater avoidance of the thought.
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Willingness)
时间窗: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)
Participants rated their willingness to have their body-related thought on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means that they are more willing to have the thought.
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Negativity)
时间窗: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-Up (Day 7)
Participants rated the negativity of their body-related thought on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means that the negative thought is perceived to be more negative.
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Discomfort)
时间窗: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)
Participants rated the discomfort of their body-related thought on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means that the thought is perceived to be more uncomfortable.
Self-Ratings of Cognitive Fusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire)
时间窗: Baseline and Follow-up (Day 7)
The Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire includes 7 items measured on a 7 item Likert scale and will be used to measure changes in cognitive fusion. Higher scores indicate higher degree of cognitive fusion. Total scores can range from 7 to 49.
次要结局
- Self-Ratings of Body Image Cognitions (Appearance Dissatisfaction)(Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7))
- Self-Ratings of Mood (Happiness)(Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7))
- Self-Rating of Homework Adherence (Homework Adherence Questionnaire)(Homework completion across seven days (14 time points))
- Self-Ratings of Mood (Confidence)(Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7))
- Self-Ratings of Body Image Cognitions (Weight Dissatisfaction)(Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7))
- Self-ratings of Body Image Distress (Body Image State Scale)(Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7))
- Self-Ratings of Self-Esteem (State Self Esteem Scale)(Baseline and Follow-up (Day 7))
- Self-Rating of Thought-Shape Fusion (Thought-Shape Fusion Questionnaire)(Baseline)
- Self-Ratings of Mood (Anxiety)(Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7))
- Self-Ratings of Mood (Depression)(Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7))
研究者
Dr. Jennifer Mills
Professor
York University