Controlled, Randomized, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Group Counseling for Nursing Students With Depressive Symptoms
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Gazi University
- Enrollment
- 63
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ)
Study Overview
Brief Summary
The university environment presents a valuable opportunity to reach the young population of society, which has a high risk of depression, and to provide protective mental-health services. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy-based group counseling focused on the depressive symptoms, anxiety levels, automatic thoughts, and coping ways among undergraduate nursing students with mild to moderate depressive symptoms.
Detailed Description
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy-based group counseling focused on the depressive symptoms, anxiety levels, automatic thoughts, and coping ways among undergraduate nursing students with mild to moderate depressive symptoms.
The study was completed with a total of 63 participants (n=31 for the intervention group and n=32 for the control group) in the 2017-2018 academic year. The effect of the intervention was evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and Ways of Coping Questionnaire. The measurements were taken 3 times: pre-test, post-test, and 2-months post-test.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 25 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Having mild depressive symptoms according to the BDI
- •Having moderate depressive symptoms according to the BDI
- •Being native speakers of Turkish
- •Agreeing to participate in the entire intervention process
Exclusion Criteria
- •Having substance abuse
- •Having another psychiatric diagnosis
- •Using psychotropic drugs
- •Receiving other counseling or therapy
Arms & Interventions
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Group Counseling
The CBT-based group counseling provided to the intervention group was carried out as a group intervention with structured sessions in which various techniques and methods of CBT, having mainly educational content, were applied, including an experiential interaction process. The counseling was performed in a total of six 60- to 90-minute sessions, comprising one session per week for four groups consisting of six to 10 members each.
Intervention: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Group Counseling (Behavioral)
Control group
No counseling was given to the control group during the study.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to 6 weeks (also assessed at 14 weeks post-baseline)
It measures the thought patterns and negative self-assessments commonly seen in depression. It consists of 30 items. Each item is scored 1-5 points and the total score ranges from 30-150 points. A high score indicates that the frequency of automatic thoughts related to depression is high.
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to 6 weeks (also assessed at 14 weeks post-baseline)
It measures the risk level of depression. It has 21 items. Each item is scored 0-3 points and the total score ranges from 0-63 (0-9=no; 10-16= mild; 17-20= moderate; 21-26=high; 27 or more points severe depressive symptoms)
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to 6 weeks (also assessed at 14 weeks post-baseline)
This self-assessment scale determines anxiety level. It consists of 21 items. Each item is scored 0-3 points and the total score ranges from 0-63. As the total score increases, the anxiety level increases.
Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to 6 weeks (also assessed at 14 weeks post-baseline)
It measures the thought patterns and negative self-assessments commonly seen in depression. It consists of 30 items. Each item is scored 1-5 points and the total score ranges from 30-150 points. A high score indicates that the frequency of automatic thoughts related to depression is high.
Secondary Outcomes
No secondary outcomes reported
Investigators
Satı Demir
Principal Investigator
Gazi University