Prevalence of Dysfunctional Breathing and Its Association With Nicotine Dependence and Physical Activity Level Among Young Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study

We will structure the study's summary to provide a clear and accessible overview for patients, families, and healthcare providers. The research will examine young adult cigarette smokers aged 18 to 24 to estimate the prevalence of a dysfunctional breathing-compatible symptom pattern using the Nijmegen Questionnaire. Furthermore, the study will assess how nicotine dependence severity-measured via the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-and physical activity levels-assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-relate to this symptom burden. We will recruit participants through social media announcements and conduct face-to-face evaluations at Istinye University. The project will employ hierarchical linear and binary logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index, to determine independent predictors of dysfunctional breathing. Ultimately, the findings will provide valuable insights into the combined impacts of smoking severity and physical activity on respiratory health in young adults.