Performance and Physiological Analysis of Overtime in Soccer: Implications for Recovery and Training
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 20
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Measurement of maximal sprinting speed over 10 meters
研究概览
简要总结
A randomized, two-trial (placebo vs. supplement consumption), cross-over, double-blind, repeated measures design will be applied to study i) the performance, metabolic and inflammatory overload of overtime in soccer and ii) how carbohydrate supplementation affects recovery following a football match with overtime. The study will be performed during a brake of the in-season period to mimic a real life setting. A 10-day washout period will be utilized between trials.
详细描述
Initially and before the familiarization period, measurement of descriptive variables will be performed: body composition, maximal oxygen consumption, football-specific endurance via YO-YO IE2 and IR2, technical performance, daily diet intake, resting metabolic rate (canopy method), and daily physical activity (IPAQ questionnaire). At this time, volunteers (of equal technical, tactical and physical potential) will be randomly assigned (equally representing all field positions) to two teams.
A 7-day familiarization period will be applied initially during which participants will be accustomed with research procedures, match tactics, and diet (a standard diet will be given based on their dietary analysis, RMR measurement and daily energy expenditure). During this adaptive period, volunteers will participated in light training aimed at developing team cohesion.
Thereafter, the two experimental trials will take place. Each trial will include administration of either a high carbohydrate diet (CHO trial) or standard diet (control trial) and they will be carried out in a random order for each participant. Each trial will included two 120-min matches (M1 and M2) performed 3 days apart according to UEFA official schedules for National teams' tournaments. On match days, volunteers will participate only in morning testing sessions but not practice. Prior to each game, a standard breakfast and meal will be consumed. During each match, players will be allowed to drink only water ad libitum and their water intake will be recorded. Sweat loss during the match will be determined by measuring players' body mass wearing dry shorts immediately before the match, at half time, immediately after the match and immediately after each half of the overtime. Two practice sessions will take place on days 1 and 2 between M1 and M2 designed according to the training model routinely adapted by national football teams during the UEFA EURO tournament. Matches will be organized according to official UEFA regulations. Field activity during matches and practices will be recorded using high time-resolution GPS instrumentation and heart rate monitoring. Following M1 and for the next 3 days until M2, participants will receive either carbohydrate or placebo. Diet intake will be monitored daily throughout the study.
Performance assessments will be performed post-matches and daily between matches.
Blood samples will be collected at baseline as well as at 90 and 120 min of each match and before M2.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 20 Years 至 26 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •competitive level for ≥4 years (≥5 training sessions/week, ≥1 match/week)
- •no recent history of febrile illness, muscle lesions, lower limb trauma, and metabolic diseases
- •no use of ergogenic supplements and medication (for ≥6 prior to the study)
- •non-smokers
排除标准
- •recent history of febrile illness, muscle lesions, lower limb trauma, and metabolic diseases
- •use of ergogenic supplements and medication (for ≥6 prior to the study)
- •competitive level for < 4 years
研究组 & 干预措施
High CHO
干预措施: Experimental Diet (Other)
Normal CHO
干预措施: Control Diet (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Measurement of maximal sprinting speed over 10 meters
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
10-m sprinting speed will be assessed on the soccer field by utilizing light cells
Measurement of maximal sprinting speed over 30 meters
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
30-m sprinting speed will be assessed on the soccer field by utilizing light cells
Measurement of total protein content
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
Total protein content will be assessed on muscle biopsy samples
Measurement of muscle phosphocreatine content
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
Muscle phosphocreatine levels will be assessed on muscle biopsy samples
Measurement of C-reactive protein levels
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
C-reactive protein levels will be measured on blood samples
Measurement of countermovement jump height
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
Measurement of Na+ - K+ ATPase levels
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
Muscle Na+ - K+ ATPase levels will be assessed on muscle biopsy samples
Measurement of Tumor necrosis factor - α levels
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
Tumor necrosis factor - α levels will be measured on blood samples
Measurement of the capacity to perform repeated sprints
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
5 x 30m repeated maximal sprints will be performed with 30 sec rest in between. Speed will be recorded by utilizing light cells.
Measurement of isometric maximal voluntary contraction
时间窗: At baseline
Isometric maximal voluntary contraction will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer
Measurement of creatine kinase activity
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
Creatine kinase activity will be measured on blood samples
Measurement of leukocyte counts
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
Leukocyte counts will be measured on blood samples
Measurement of muscle glycogen content
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
Muscle glycogen content will be assessed on muscle biopsy samples
Measurement of muscle lactate concentration
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
Muscle lactate concentration will be assessed on muscle biopsy samples
Measurement of Interleukin-6 levels
时间窗: Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.
Interleukin-6 levels will be measured on blood samples
次要结局
- Measurement of glucose concentration in blood(Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.)
- Measurement of blood lactate concentration(Change from baseline to 90 minutes and 120 minutes of the game.)
- Measurement of reactive strength index(At baseline)
研究者
Ioannis G. Fatouros
Professor
University of Thessaly