To study the prevalance , clinical spectrum, renal and electrolyte abnormalities in HIV seropositive patients in a tertiary hospital in Manipal

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global pandemic with 36.9 million people. Infected worldwide In India alone, 2.1 million people were estimated to be infected in 2017  with an adult prevalence of 0.2%, leading to 69,000 deaths. India has a low HIV prevalence of0.22 % By the year 2006, it was estimated that there were around 5.6 million cases of HIV in thecountry, concentrated mainly in six states of the country, namely Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh(AP), Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Manipur, and Nagaland. A wider availability and improvement ofcombination antiretroviral therapy regiments (cART), AIDS-related deaths and opportunisticinfectious diseases have markedly decreased. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isclassically associated with collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, direct HIV relatednephropathy can also manifest as HIV-immune-complex kidney disease and thromboticmicroangiopathy. In recent years, with the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy andeffective diffusion of these medications, patients are living longer lives without classicmanifestations of the disease. Currently, disorders associated with nephrotoxicity of certain HIVtherapies appear to be more prevalent, as well as a surge in non-infectious comorbidities, such asdiabetes or hypertension, as aetiologies of nephropathy in people living with HIV(PLWHIV).Renal disease remains one of the major causes of mortality in HIV infected patients,with a six-fold increase in mortality for those suffering from acute kidney injury (AKI) and  chronic kidney disease (CKD). The spectrum of kidney diseases in HIV patients is quite broad,ranging from proteinuria,  electrolyte losses,  and acute kidney injury(AKI)  to variousdegrees of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite large number of HIV-infected cases in Asiancountries and in India, systematic studies of renal involvement in such patients are lacking.Withthis perspective, this study will be carried out to elucidate prevalence, the clinical spectrum andvarious renal and electrolyte abnormalities in HIV patients from a tertiary care centre (Manipal)