PRESENCE OF FRANK'S SIGN: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION IN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 404
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Analysis of the relationship between DELC (diagonal earlobe crease) and smoking consumption
研究概览
简要总结
In this study, the effect of cigarette smoking-one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases-on the development of Frank's sign (DELC) was investigated. Rather than smoking status alone, cumulative smoking exposure was considered to cause vascular damage and thereby influence the formation of DELC. Consequently, these findings may enable family physicians and other clinicians to approach patients rapidly and non-invasively within the framework of preventive medicine.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Other
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 40 Years 至 59 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Individuals aged 40-59 years who presented to the relevant outpatient clinics were included in the study.
排除标准
- •The exclusion criteria included being outside the specified age range, the presence of an earring or piercing on the earlobe, a history of trauma affecting the integrity of the ear, the presence of soft tissue diseases, or ear malformations.
研究组 & 干预措施
smokers
Smoking individuals aged between 40 and 59 years.
干预措施: To obtain bilateral ear photographs (Other)
smokers
Smoking individuals aged between 40 and 59 years.
干预措施: To take a medical history (Other)
non-smokers (control group)
Individuals aged between 40 and 59 years who do not smoke
干预措施: To obtain bilateral ear photographs (Other)
non-smokers (control group)
Individuals aged between 40 and 59 years who do not smoke
干预措施: To take a medical history (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Analysis of the relationship between DELC (diagonal earlobe crease) and smoking consumption
时间窗: maximum duration: 10 minutes
The presence of DELC as unilateral, bilateral, or absent was evaluated with respect to smoking status categorized as current, non-smoker, or former. Categorical variables were presented as counts and percentages. Comparisons between groups were performed using the chi-square test. Differences with p-values \< 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Association between smoking and DELC stage in patients with unilateral and bilateral DELC
时间窗: maximum duration: 10 minutes
The presence of unilateral and bilateral DELC in the right and/or left ear was assessed across smoking status groups defined as current, non-smoker, and former. Categorical variables were presented as counts and percentages. Comparisons between groups were performed using the chi-square test. Differences with p-values \< 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
次要结局
- Relationship between the participants' chronic diseases, medication use, family history, and the presence of DELC (diagonal earlobe crease)(maximum duration: 10 minutes)
- Analysis of the relationship between DELC and the presence of cardiac/noncardiac diseases and medication use(maximum duration: 10 minutes)
- Demographic characteristics of the participants(maximum duration: 10 minutes)