Evaluation of the D-limonene effects on fat metabolism and blood glucose response after a meal consumption in postmenopausal wome
- Conditions
- PostmenopauseH02.403.763.750
- Registration Number
- RBR-3vgndbw
- Lead Sponsor
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade de São Paulo
- Brief Summary
The hormonal decline that occurs during menopause increases the risk of chronic diseases in women. D-limonene is a monoterpene commonly found in the human diet with biological properties related to hypolipemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiota-modulating activities, mostly observed in preclinical studies. Postprandial responses include physiological adaptations to the stress of a nutrient surplus, providing an opportunity to assess metabolic resilience. This strategy is a suitable tool for exploring postmenopause-associated metabolic alterations. Here, we investigated the effects of D-limonene supplementation (2 g/day) on postprandial metabolism in postmenopausal women (n = 9) challenged with a standardized mixed meal in a 3-week single-arm clinical study. Our findings revealed that D-limonene did not exhibit marked differences in postprandial responses to the dietary challenge. The supplementation with D-limonene induced no alterations in the lipid/lipoproteins profile (LDL-, HDL- and total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides), nor in the glycemia/insulinemia. Furthermore, the transient postprandial inflammatory response was not affected by D-limonene supplementation in terms of changes in gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and circulating inflammatory markers. Nevertheless, D-limonene reduced postprandial levels of lithocholic acid, a major gut microbiota-derived bile acid, and regulated the plasma concentrations of selected amino acids, carbohydrate metabolism-derived metabolites and organic acids. In conclusion, our data do not support the notion that short-term D-limonene supplementation beneficially affects the postprandial metabolism of postmenopausal women
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- Recruitment completed
- Sex
- Female
- Target Recruitment
- Not specified
Women in post menopause period; Body Mass Index between 18.5 and 34.9 kilograms per square meter; age between 50 and 65 years
Bariatric surgery; gastrectomy; surgeries that alter the size of the stomach or intestine; inflammatory bowel diseases; celiac disease; gastric ulcers; liver diseases; cholecystectomy; diabetes; casein allergy; lactose intolerance; alcoholism; use of antimicrobial therapy at the time of the study and up to 3 months
Study & Design
- Study Type
- Intervention
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method