Serum Docosahexaenoic Acid After Third Trimester Commercially Available Supplementation: a Randomized Clinical Trial

The investigators recruited 73 pregnant women in the late third trimester from a low-risk midwifery clinic in compliance with the protocol approved by the investigators institutional review board regulations (HRPO #10-417). All women in the clinic were offered participation and enrollment was performed at 34-36 weeks gestational age for those who agreed. Exclusion criteria included, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes or pre-gestational diabetes, chronic use of medications, and other medical complication of pregnancy. Maternal data including age, gravidity, parity, gestational age, ethnicity, BMI at delivery, and mode of delivery were collected in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act guidelines. Neonatal data, including gender, birth weight, height, and head circumference and maternal delivery charactersitics were collected after reviewing the delivery record.

Subjects consented to randomization into a group receiving a fish oil based 275mg Promise DHA (Biotegrity; Granbury, TX) by mouth each day, or an algae-based 200mg Expecta DHA (Mead Johnson; Evansville, IN) by mouth each day, or dietary habits as usual. Randomization assignments were concealed in opaque envelopes and revealed at the time of enrollment. Calendars were kept to document supplement use and unused supplements were turned in at the time of admission to labor and delivery. Pill counts were performed to verify the accuracy of calendars.

Sample size considerations: The investigators primary outcome measure was DHA level in maternal serum and neonatal cord blood. To detect a 15% increase in DHA proportions, it would require a sample size of 19 in each group. This study is a pilot investigation, designed to determine if a larger supplementation study would be feasible in the investigators population.

Collection of blood samples A venous blood sample was collected from each participant at the time of enrollment and randomization. Maternal blood was drawn from the antecubital fossa in tubes containing EDTA and stored at -4 degrees C. A second maternal sample was retrieved at the time of admission for labor in a similar fashion. Neonatal samples were similarly collected at the time of delivery, just after cord clamping. Within 72 hours of collection, nonhemolyzed maternal and neonatal samples were identified and centrifuged for 5 minutes in a clinical centrifuge, and the plasma portion was extracted and stored in 2-mL vials at -78 degrees C until fatty acid analysis was performed.

Fatty acid analyses: