Akt Inhibitor MK2206, Bendamustine Hydrochloride, and Rituximab in Treating Patients With Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Recurrent Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Interventions: Drug: Akt Inhibitor MK2206
Drug: Bendamustine Hydrochloride
Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Biological: Rituximab

Registration Number: NCT01369849

Lead Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Brief Summary: This phase I/II trial studies the side effects and best dose of v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (Akt) inhibitor MK2206 when given together with bendamustine hydrochloride and rituximab and to see how well they work in treating patients with refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma. Akt inhibitor MK2206 may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as bendamustine hydrochloride, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab, can block cancer growth in different ways. Some block the ability of cancer cells to grow and spread. Others find cancer cells and help kill them or carry cancer-killing substances to them. Giving Akt inhibitor MK2206 with bendamustine hydrochloride and rituximab may be an effective treatment for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma.

Detailed Description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of MK-2206 (Akt inhibitor MK2206) in combination therapy with bendamustine (bendamustine hydrochloride)-rituximab in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) patients. (Phase I) II. To assess the rate of complete response (CR) of MK-2206 in combination with bendamustine-rituximab in relapsed CLL or SLL patients. (Phase II)

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess clinical efficacy of MK-2206 in combination with bendamustine-rituximab as demonstrated by analysis of overall response rate (CR, complete response with incomplete bone marrow recovery \[CRi\], clinical complete response \[CCR\], near partial response \[nPR\] and partial response \[PR\]), duration of response, and treatment free survival.

II. To assess the toxicity profile of MK-2206 in combination with bendamustine-rituximab.

TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Evaluation of whether the established CLL prognostic factors (cluster of differentiation \[CD\]38, CD49d, immunoglobulin heavy chain variable \[IGHV\], fluorescence in situ hybridization \[FISH\] and zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 \[ZAP-70\]) predict responses to the combination therapy of MK2206, with bendamustine-rituximab.

II. Minimal residual disease will be evaluated after treatment in patients who achieve a clinical response; minimal residual disease (MRD) status will be explored in relation to both the quality and duration of response.

III. Evaluation of the effects of the addition of MK-2206 to bendamustine-rituximab on B cell receptor initiated, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt downstream signal pathways, apoptosis analysis and leukemic cell activation status, as well as multiple cytokine profiles and key gene expression analysis with focus on leukemic cells.

IV. Evaluation of marrow stromal cells (MSC)-CLL biology including the effects of the addition of MK-2206 to bendamustine-rituximab on CLL marrow stromal cell (MSC) proliferation, migration and cytokine production, as well as the adhesion capacity between MSC and leukemic cells.

OUTLINE: This is a phase I, dose-escalation study of Akt inhibitor MK2206 followed by a phase II study.

Patients receive Akt inhibitor MK2206 orally (PO) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 of course 1); rituximab intravenously (IV) on day 1 (day 8 of course 1); and bendamustine hydrochloride IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1-2 (days 8-9 of course 1). Treatment repeats every 28 days (35 days for course 1 and 84 days for course 6) for 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months for 2 years and then every 6 or 12 months for 3 years.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 15

Inclusion Criteria

Diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) criteria or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria; this includes previous documentation of:
- Biopsy-proven SLL or
- Diagnosis of CLL according to NCI working group criteria as evidenced by all of the following:
  - Peripheral blood B-cell count of > 5 x 10^9/L consisting of small to moderate size lymphocytes
  - Immunophenotyping consistent with CLL defined as:
    - The predominant population of lymphocytes share both B-cell antigens (CD19, CD20 [typically dim expression], or CD23) as well as CD5 in the absence of other pan-T-cell markers (CD3,CD2, etc.)
    - Clonality as evidenced by kappa (Κ) or lambda (λ) light chain expression (typically dim immunoglobulin expression) or other genetic method (e.g., immunoglobulin heavy chain variable [IGHV] analysis)
    - NOTE: splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, or lymphadenopathy are not required for the diagnosis of CLL
  - Before diagnosing CLL or SLL, mantle cell lymphoma must be excluded by demonstrating a negative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for t (11;14) (IgH/CCND1) on peripheral blood or tissue biopsy, or negative immunohistochemical stains for cyclin D1 on involved tissue biopsy
Demonstrated progression after one or two prior lines of CLL therapy; note: rituximab monotherapy does not count as a prior line of therapy
Progressive disease with any one of the following characteristics based on standard criteria for treatment as defined by the NCI-Working Group (WG) 1996
- Symptomatic CLL characterized by any one of the following:
  - Weight loss >= 10% within the previous 6 months
  - Extreme fatigue attributed to CLL
  - Fevers > 100.5° Fahrenheit (F) for 2 weeks without evidence of infection
  - Drenching night sweats without evidence of infection
- Evidence of progressive bone marrow failure with hemoglobin < 11 g/dL or platelet count < 100 x 10^9/L
- Massive or rapidly progressive splenomegaly (> 6 cm below left costal margin)
- Massive (> 10 cm) or rapidly progressive lymphadenopathy
Life expectancy >= 12 months
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0, 1, or 2
Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) unless due to Gilbert's disease; if total bilirubin is > 1.5 x ULN, a direct bilirubin should be performed and must be < 1.5 mg/dL for Gilbert's to be diagnosed
Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) =< 2.5 ULN
Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 2.5 times ULN
Creatinine =< 1.5 times ULN OR creatinine clearance >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 for patients with creatinine levels > 1.5 x ULN
A non-transfused platelet count >= 30 x 10^9/L
Neutrophil count (absolute neutrophil count [ANC]) >= 1 x 10^9/L
Hemoglobin (Hgb) >= 8 g/dL
Note: cytopenias due to bone marrow failure are common in patients with relapsed CLL requiring treatment; accordingly, normal bone marrow function is NOT required for participation
Negative pregnancy test done =< 7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only
Ability to complete patient diaries and questionnaire(s) by themselves or with assistance
Provide informed written consent
Willing to return to North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) enrolling institution for follow-up
Willing to provide blood samples for correlative research purposes
Willing to provide bone marrow aspirate (body fluid) for correlative research purposes
MAYO ROCHESTER ONLY: willing to provide bone marrow core biopsy tissue for correlative research purposes
Willing to provide bone marrow biopsy for central pathology review (all patients)
Able to swallow whole tablets; NOTE: nasogastric or gastrostomy (G) tube administration is not allowed; tablets must not be crushed or chewed

Exclusion Criteria

Prior treatment with bendamustine
Prior treatment with any experimental Akt inhibitors
More than 2 previous purine nucleoside based-therapy (i.e. fludarabine, pentostatin, or cladribine)
More than 2 previous alkylating agent based-therapy (i.e. cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil)
More than 3 total prior lines of therapy for CLL
Primary refractory disease as defined by progression while receiving or within 6 months of completion of a chemoimmunotherapy regimen such as fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) or pentostatin, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (PCR)
PHASE II ONLY: FISH abnormality of 17P deletions; (note: patients with 17P deletions will be included in Phase I but will be excluded in Phase II unless enough activity is found in the Phase I)
Pregnant women
Nursing women
Men or women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to employ adequate contraception
Co-morbid systemic illnesses or other severe concurrent disease which, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study or interfere significantly with the proper assessment of safety and toxicity of the prescribed regimens; including but not limited to the following:
- New York Heart Association class III or IV heart disease
- Recent myocardial infarction (< 1 month)
- Uncontrolled infection
- Known infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS]) and/or patients taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) as further severe immunosuppression with this regimen may occur
- Infection with known chronic, active hepatitis C
- Positive serology for hepatitis B (HB) defined as a positive test for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); in addition, if negative for HBsAg but hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) positive (regardless of hepatitis B surface antibody [HBsAb] status), a HB deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test will be performed and if positive the subject will be excluded
- Uncontrolled diabetes defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >= 8 or fasting blood glucose >= 140 mg/dL
Any of the following:
- History of significant ventricular arrhythmia in the last 5 years including: ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation
- Corrected QT (QTc) prolongation on baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) (defined as a QTc interval > 450 msec for males and QTc interval > 470 msec for females)
- Currently using a medication known to cause prolonged QTc which cannot be discontinued; note: other medications with possible risk of prolonged QTc are allowed but should be used with caution; patients using these medications should be monitored accordingly
- Ventricular arrhythmia on baseline ECG (ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation >= 3 beats in a row)
- Second or third degree heart block
Receiving any other investigational agent concurrently which would be considered as a treatment for the primary neoplasm
Other active primary malignancy requiring treatment or which limits survival to < 24 months
Any major surgery =< 28 days prior to registration
Any radiation therapy =< 4 weeks prior to registration
Current use of corticosteroids; EXCEPTION: low doses of steroids (< 10 mg of prednisone or equivalent dose of other steroid) used for treatment of non-hematologic medical conditions; NOTE: previous use of corticosteroids is allowed
Active hemolytic anemia requiring immunosuppressive therapy or other pharmacologic treatment; NOTE: patients who have a positive Coombs test but no evidence of hemolysis are NOT excluded from participation
Receiving any medications or substances that are strong or moderate inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP450 3A4); use of the following strong or moderate inhibitors are prohibited =< 7 days prior to registration:
- Strong inhibitors of CYP3A4
  - Indinavir
  - Nelfinavir
  - Ritonavir
  - Clarithromycin
  - Itraconazole
  - Ketoconazole
  - Nefazodone
  - Saquinavir
  - Telithromycin
- Moderate inhibitors of CYP3A4
  - Aprepitant
  - Erythromycin
  - Fluconazole
  - Grapefruit juice
  - Verapamil
  - Diltiazem
Receiving any medications or substances that are inducers of CYP450 3A4; use of the following inducers is prohibited =< 12 days prior to registration
- Inducers of CYP3A4
  - Efavirenz
  - Nevirapine
  - Carbamazepine
  - Modafinil
  - Phenobarbital
  - Phenytoin
  - Pioglitazone
  - Rifabutin
  - Rifampin
  - St. John's wort

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Treatment (Akt inhibitor MK2206, bendamustine, rituximab)	Rituximab	Patients receive Akt inhibitor MK2206 PO on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 of course 1); rituximab IV on day 1 (day 8 of course 1); and bendamustine hydrochloride IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1-2 (days 8-9 of course 1). Treatment repeats every 28 days (35 days for course 1 and 84 days for course 6) for 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Treatment (Akt inhibitor MK2206, bendamustine, rituximab)	Akt Inhibitor MK2206	Patients receive Akt inhibitor MK2206 PO on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 of course 1); rituximab IV on day 1 (day 8 of course 1); and bendamustine hydrochloride IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1-2 (days 8-9 of course 1). Treatment repeats every 28 days (35 days for course 1 and 84 days for course 6) for 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Treatment (Akt inhibitor MK2206, bendamustine, rituximab)	Laboratory Biomarker Analysis	Patients receive Akt inhibitor MK2206 PO on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 of course 1); rituximab IV on day 1 (day 8 of course 1); and bendamustine hydrochloride IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1-2 (days 8-9 of course 1). Treatment repeats every 28 days (35 days for course 1 and 84 days for course 6) for 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Treatment (Akt inhibitor MK2206, bendamustine, rituximab)	Bendamustine Hydrochloride	Patients receive Akt inhibitor MK2206 PO on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 of course 1); rituximab IV on day 1 (day 8 of course 1); and bendamustine hydrochloride IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1-2 (days 8-9 of course 1). Treatment repeats every 28 days (35 days for course 1 and 84 days for course 6) for 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Phase I Participants With Dose-Limiting Toxicity Events (Phase I)	Up to 35 days	The Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) is defined as the dose level below the lowest dose that induces dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in at least one-third of patients graded according to NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. Dose-limiting toxicities include non-hematologic events graded 3 or higher and deemed at least possibly related to treatment. A total of 6 patients treated at the MTD will be sufficient to identify common toxicities at the MTD.The number of patients reporting a dose-limiting event are reported.
Proportion of Complete Response Defined to be a CR or CRi Noted as the Objective Status (Phase II)	From registration to response, up to 84 days	A Complete Response (CR) is defined by the NCI Working Group criteria and requires all of the following for a period of at least 2 months: * Absence of lymphadenopathy (e.g. lymph nodes \>1.5 cm) by physical examination. * No hepatomegaly or splenomegaly by physical examination. * Absence of constitutional symptoms. * Neutrophils ≥1500/ul. * Platelets \>100,000/ul (untransfused). * Hemoglobin \>11.0 gm/dl (untransfused) * Peripheral blood lymphocytes \<4000/uL Patients who fulfill all criteria for a CR but who have a persistent anemia, thrombocytopenia, or neutropenia related to drug toxicity rather than residual CLL will be classified as CR with incomplete marrow recovery (CRi). The proportion of successes will be estimated by the number of successes divided by the total number of evaluable patients. Confidence intervals for the true success proportion will be calculated according to the approach of Duffy and Santner.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Biomarker Analysis (IgVH Gene Mutation)	Baseline	IgVH gene mutationwill be evaluated pre-treatment. This factors will be summarized and used to help characterize the types of patients accrued to this trial.
Biomarker Analysis (CD38, CD49d, and ZAP-70)	Baseline	CD38, CD49d, and ZAP-70 status will be evaluated pre-treatment. These factors will be summarized and used to help characterize the types of patients accrued to this trial.
Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH) Biomarker Analysis	Baseline	Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes that bind to only those parts of the chromosome with a high degree of sequence complementarity. It was developed by biomedical researchers in the early 1980s and is used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes. In this disease group, there are recognized patterns of DNA sequences that play a role in prognostic outcomes. Patterns named 11q-, 13q-, Trisomy 12 may lead to different responses to treatments. Here we report the number of patients with each FISH prognosis evaluated pre-treatment. These factors will be summarized and used to help characterize the types of patients accrued to this trial.
Duration of Response	Median follow-up of 39 months and maximum follow-up of 54 months	Duration of response is defined for all evaluable patients who have achieved a clinical response as the date at which the patient's objective status is first noted to be a CR, CRi, CCR, nPR, or PR to the earliest date progression is documented. The distribution of duration of response will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier.
Minimal-residual Disease	Cycle 6 assessment (maximum of 231 days post-registration)	Minimal residual disease (MRD) will be evaluated after treatment in patients who achieve a complete clinical response. Flow cytometry will be used to detect approximately 1 CLL cell per 10,000 leukocytes following induction. A score of positive means CLL cells were found and a negative score means no CLL cells were found. The number of patients with an MRD negative score are reported here.
Overall Response Rate	3 months post-treatment	The Overall response rate is estimated by the total number of complete or partial responses (CR, CRi, CCR, nPR, or PR) divided by the total number of evaluate patients. Complete and partial responses were scored using the NCI Working Group criteria. A Complete Response (CR, CRi, and CCR) is characterized by an absence of lymphadenopathy, heptomegaly and splenomegaly with or without normalized blood counts and bone marrow assessment . A PR is defined as having \>50% decrease in lymphocyte count and reduction in sum of the products of measured nodes and an improvement in blood counts. Exact binomial 95% confidence intervals for the true overall response rate will be calculated.
Treatment-free Survival	Time from registration to the date of initiation of subsequent therapy or death, median follow-up time is 37 months	Treatment free survival is defined to be the time from registration to the date of initation of subsequent therapy or death. The distribution of treatment free survival will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier.

Trial Locations

Locations (44): Metro-Minnesota NCI Community Oncology Research Program
🇺🇸
Saint Louis Park, Minnesota, United States
Minnesota Oncology and Hematology PA-Woodbury
🇺🇸
Woodbury, Minnesota, United States
Mayo Clinic in Arizona
🇺🇸
Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
Columbus CCOP
🇺🇸
Columbus, Ohio, United States
Doctors Hospital
🇺🇸
Columbus, Ohio, United States
Siouxland Regional Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Sioux City, Iowa, United States
Mercy Medical Center-Sioux City
🇺🇸
Sioux City, Iowa, United States
Fairview-Southdale Hospital
🇺🇸
Edina, Minnesota, United States
Unity Hospital
🇺🇸
Fridley, Minnesota, United States
Saint John's Hospital - Healtheast
🇺🇸
Maplewood, Minnesota, United States
Park Nicollet Clinic - Saint Louis Park
🇺🇸
Saint Louis Park, Minnesota, United States
United Hospital
🇺🇸
Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
Saint Francis Regional Medical Center
🇺🇸
Shakopee, Minnesota, United States
Lakeview Hospital
🇺🇸
Stillwater, Minnesota, United States
Grady Memorial Hospital
🇺🇸
Delaware, Ohio, United States
Licking Memorial Hospital
🇺🇸
Newark, Ohio, United States
Fairfield Medical Center
🇺🇸
Lancaster, Ohio, United States
Southern Ohio Medical Center
🇺🇸
Portsmouth, Ohio, United States
Miller-Dwan Hospital
🇺🇸
Duluth, Minnesota, United States
Ridgeview Medical Center
🇺🇸
Waconia, Minnesota, United States
Regions Hospital
🇺🇸
Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
Essentia Health Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Duluth, Minnesota, United States
Grant Medical Center
🇺🇸
Columbus, Ohio, United States
Minnesota Oncology Hematology PA-Maplewood
🇺🇸
Maplewood, Minnesota, United States
Genesis HealthCare System
🇺🇸
Zanesville, Ohio, United States
Saint Luke's Regional Medical Center
🇺🇸
Sioux City, Iowa, United States
Essentia Health Saint Mary's Medical Center
🇺🇸
Duluth, Minnesota, United States
Essentia Health Saint Joseph's Medical Center
🇺🇸
Brainerd, Minnesota, United States
Fairview Ridges Hospital
🇺🇸
Burnsville, Minnesota, United States
Marietta Memorial Hospital
🇺🇸
Marietta, Ohio, United States
Knox Community Hospital
🇺🇸
Mount Vernon, Ohio, United States
Rice Memorial Hospital
🇺🇸
Willmar, Minnesota, United States
North Memorial Medical Health Center
🇺🇸
Robbinsdale, Minnesota, United States
Riverside Methodist Hospital
🇺🇸
Columbus, Ohio, United States
Saint Ann's Hospital
🇺🇸
Westerville, Ohio, United States
Mount Carmel Health Center West
🇺🇸
Columbus, Ohio, United States
Springfield Regional Medical Center
🇺🇸
Springfield, Ohio, United States
Rapid City Regional Hospital
🇺🇸
Rapid City, South Dakota, United States
Hennepin County Medical Center
🇺🇸
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Abbott-Northwestern Hospital
🇺🇸
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Mayo Clinic
🇺🇸
Rochester, Minnesota, United States
Mercy Hospital
🇺🇸
Coon Rapids, Minnesota, United States
Hutchinson Area Health Care
🇺🇸
Hutchinson, Minnesota, United States
Adena Regional Medical Center
🇺🇸
Chillicothe, Ohio, United States