Effects of Brisk Walking Combined With Tai Chi Chuan on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Selected Health Parameters Among Older Chinese Women
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Sponsor
- Enrollment
- 100
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Body composition measurement by Waist circumference
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Aging is a problem that exists in many countries in the world. China has a large population base and a large number of elderly people. Paying attention to the health of the elderly is a problem that the Chinese government and society have been paying attention to. In order to improve the physical fitness of the elderly, the government encourages the elderly to do more exercise. However, the elderly do not exercise usually, and the way of exercise is relatively simple, which cannot meet the needs of comprehensive improvement of the elderly's physical fitness. For example, endurance, strength, flexibility, and balance are the most important to the elderly's physical fitness. Tai Chi Chuan is very popular in China. 79.36% of people in China choose brisk walking as the basic exercise. These two exercises have no venue, equipment requirements, and relatively simple technical movements. They are more convenient for the elderly to implement, and according to the literature It is found that Tai Chi Chaun is very effective in improving the balance and flexibility of the elderly, while brisk walking is very effective in improving endurance, and both Tai Chi and brisk walking can improve the strength of the elderly. Therefore, the combination of Taijiquan and brisk walking in this study can meet the four exercise components of elderly people's comprehensive development of physical fitness, endurance, strength, flexibility, and balance, and through the literature, it is found that the effect of combined exercise is better than that of a single exercise. Therefore, this study is divided into 4 groups, Tai Chi Chuan group, brisk walking group, Tai Chi combination brisk walking group, and control group. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of combine brisk walking and Tai Chi Chuan (BWTCC) on health-related physical fitness and selected health parameters among older Chinese women. The specific objectives of these studies are as follows:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of brisk walking (BW), Tai Chi Chuan (TCC), and their combination (BWTCC) on health-related physical fitness (Cardiorespiratory fitness, Body composition, Flexibility, Muscular Strength, and Muscular endurance) among older Chinese women at pre-test, post-test and at three (3) months post-intervention.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of brisk walking (BW), Tai Chi Chuan (TCC), and their combination (BWTCC) on health parameters (Blood pressure, Resting heart rate, Balance, Height, and weight) among older Chinese women at pre-test, post-test and at three (3) months post-intervention.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of brisk walking (BW), Tai Chi Chuan (TCC), and their combination BWTCC on QoL among older Chinese women at pre-test and post-test.
The following hypothesis ： HO1: There are no significant differences among the three intervention groups (BW, TCC and BWTCC) and with the control group on health-related physical fitness (Cardiorespiratory fitness, Body composition, Flexibility, Muscular Strength, and Muscular endurance) among older Chinese women at pre-test and post-test.
HO2: There are no significant differences among the three intervention groups (BW, TCC and BWTCC) and with the control group on health parameters (Blood pressure, Resting heart rate, Balance) among older Chinese women at pre-test and post-test.
HO3: There are no significant differences among the three intervention groups (BW, TCC and BWTCC) and with the control group on QoL among older Chinese women at pre-test and post-test.
Detailed Description
- Quality assurance plan that addresses data validation and registry procedures Each group of sites that submit data to researchers has two personnel responsible for the quality of these data. The site coordinator has learned and fully understood all the agreements, policies, procedures, and definitions in the intervention process before the formal intervention process. All personnel involved in measuring and collecting data must learn systematic knowledge before the formal intervention, so as to ensure that all data are valid and accurate.
- Data checks to compare data entered into the registry against predefined rules for range or consistency with other data fields in the registry.
Errors in data entry, transfer, or transformation accuracy: These occur when data are entered into the registry inaccurately. Avoidance or detection of accuracy errors can be achieved through upfront data quality checks (such as ranges and data validation checks), reentering samples of data to assess for accuracy (with the percent of data to be sampled depending on the study purpose), and rigorous attention to data cleaning.
Errors of intention: Avoidance or detection of intentional error can be challenging. Some approaches include checking for consistency of data between sites, assessing screening log information against other sources , and performing onsite audits (including monitoring of source records) either at random or "for cause." 3. Source data verification to assess the accuracy, completeness, or representativeness of registry data by comparing the data to external data sources (for example, medical records, paper or electronic case report forms, or interactive voice response systems).
3.1. External audit of registration procedures The researcher will act as an external audit to ensure the quality level of the registry for a specific purpose, and these audits should be conducted according to pre-established standards. Pre-established criteria may include monitoring participant registration rates or sites that require attention from previous audit results, or monitoring may be based on on-site experience level, serious adverse event reporting rates, or identified issues. This approach can range from reviewing procedures and interviews with on-site personnel to checking and screening logs, to monitoring the process of recording the program.
3.2. Assurance of system integrity and safety All aspects of the data management process should follow a strict life cycle approach for system development and quality management. Each process is clearly defined and documented. 4. Data dictionary that contains detailed descriptions of each variable used by the registry, including the source of the variable, coding information is used (for example, World Health Organization Drug Dictionary, MedDRA), and normal ranges if relevant.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Factorial
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- None
Masking Description
Try not to allow communication and contact between participants in each group. Researchers do not participate in training. Researchers do not disclose more research information. Data collection and entry should be operated by professional personnel.
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 60 Years to 69 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- Female
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Less than 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week.
- •Through the screening of the PAR-Q questionnaire (If one of the questions is answered "yes", the potential participants will be excluded) and the basic physical examination of the elderly by doctors, to determine that the elderly can complete exercise independently.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Subjects participated in other sports training at the same time.
- •If the subjects have recently (less than one year) undergone surgery on the knee, elbow, shoulder, etc., has a history of rheumatoid disease or neurological disease, and is still receiving treatment, it will be excluded.
- •If the subjects answered "yes" to the PAR-Q questionnaire.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Body composition measurement by Waist circumference
Time Frame: 5 minutes
Measuring process: The measuring ruler should be a cocoa-curved but inelastic tape ruler. The ruler should be placed on the surface of the skin and should not be pressed against the subcutaneous fat tissue. If you use Gulick elastic handle, its handle can be extended to the same mark every time. The same part should be measured twice. If the difference between the two measurement results is more than 5mm, the scene should be measured again.
Flexibility measurement by sit and reach test
Time Frame: 5 minutes
The sit and reach test is a common measure of flexibility, and specifically measures the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles. Seated forward bend test instrument to measure.
Flexibility measurement by Back Scratch Test
Time Frame: 5 minutes
The Back Scratch Test, or simply the Scratch Test, measures how close the hands can be brought together behind the back. Use a meter to measure the overlapping part of your hands.
Muscular strength measurement chair stand test
Time Frame: 5 minutes
The chair stand test is similar to a squat test to measure leg strength, in which participants stand up repeatedly from a chair for 30 seconds. The chair stand test is similar to a squat test to measure leg strength, in which participants stand up repeatedly from a chair for 30 seconds. equipment required: a straight back or folding chair without arm rests (seat 17 inches/44 cm high), stopwatch
Cardiorespiratory endurance measurement by Six minutes walking test
Time Frame: 6 minutes
Six minutes walking test (6MWT) could be considered as a useful and reliable tool for the assessment and the follow-up of cardiorespiratory response. Equipment required: measuring tape to mark out the track distances, stopwatch, chairs positioned for resting. Procedure: The walking course is laid out in a 50 yard (45.72m) rectangular area (dimensions 45 x 5 yards), with cones placed at regular intervals to indicate distance walked. The aim of this test is to walk as quickly as possible for six minutes to cover as much ground as possible. Subjects are set their own pace (a preliminary trail is useful to practice pacing), and are able to stop for a rest if they desire.
Muscular strength measurement by Arm Curl test
Time Frame: 5 minutes
The aim of this test is to do as many arm curls as possible in 30 seconds. equipment required: 4 pound weight (women, AAHPERD), 5 pound weight (women, SFT). A chair without armrests, stopwatch.
Muscle endurance measurement by knee push-up
Time Frame: 5 minutes
1. The push-up fitness test (also called the press-up test) measures upper body strength and endurance. Place the knees on the floor, the hands below the shoulders, and cross your feet. 2. Keeping your back straight, start bending the elbows until your chest is almost touching the floor. 3. Pause and push back to the starting position. 4. Repeat until the set is complete. No equitment. Scoring: Record the number of correctly completed push-ups.
Muscle endurance measurement by Sit-up
Time Frame: 5 minutes
The sit-up (or curl-up) is an abdominal endurance training exercise to strengthen, tighten and tone the abdominal muscles. Technique: Squeeze your stomach, push your back flat and raise high enough for your hands to slide along your thighs to touch the tops of your knees. Don't pull with you neck or head and keep your lower back on the floor.
Secondary Outcomes
- BMI (body mass index) measurement by Height and weight(2 minutes)
- Balance measurement by Tinetti-test(5 minutes)
- Resting heart rate (RHR)(1 minutes)
- Blood Pressure(1 minutes)
Investigators
Bai Xiaorong
National secondary sports social instructor
Universiti Putra Malaysia