Controlled Trial to Reduce Secondhand Smoke Exposure at Homes in Armenia
- Conditions
- Tobacco Use and Smoking Behavior
- Interventions
- Behavioral: in-person counselingDevice: Demonstration of PM2.5 PollutionBehavioral: Follow-up Counseling CallsBehavioral: Printed material
- Registration Number
- NCT01630356
- Lead Sponsor
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Brief Summary
This study was designed to test the hypothesis whether a novel intervention that uses motivational interviewing along with immediate feedback and follow-up counseling calls is effective in educating the household members about the health hazards of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure and reducing children exposure to secondhand smoke at households in Armenia.
The study was a randomized control trial with two arms: intervention and control groups.
The sample population for the study included households with a non-smoking mother and at least one child 2 to 6 years of age residing with at least one daily smoker. The study team recruited the households through pediatrician's offices in polyclinics (primary healthcare facilities) utilizing multistage random sampling. Trained interviewers made two baseline (one week apart) and two 4-month follow-up household visits to conduct measurements, interviews and intervention. Measurements included surveys, air nicotine monitoring in homes and hair samples from children to assess changes in nicotine concentration over time.
SHS concentration was estimated by sampling vapor-phase nicotine using a filter badge treated with sodium bisulfate. Airborne nicotine monitors were used in all homes to measure SHS concentration at baseline and 4 month follow-up. At least one monitor was used in each home, preferably in the main room in which the family congregates.
Personal exposure to SHS in 2-6 years old children was assessed using biological samples of hair. A small sample of hair (approximately 30 - 50 strands, 2-3 cm) was cut near the hair root from the back of the scalp where there is the most uniform growth pattern between individuals which minimizes the variability of the results.
The intervention included an in-person counseling session with distribution of a tailored educational brochure and demonstration/feedback measurement of indoor PM2.5 (at second baseline visit); it also included one and two months follow-up counseling calls. The control group received only a brief educational leaflet on the hazards of second-hand smoke exposure.
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 250
- At least one child 2 to 6 years of age
- Non-smoking mother
- At least one daily smoker
- Child's exposed to second smoke of at least 1 cigarette per day
- Mother's pregnancy
- Child's hair less than 2 cm in length after stretching out
- Residing out of Yerevan
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Intervention group in-person counseling - Intervention group Demonstration of PM2.5 Pollution - Intervention group Follow-up Counseling Calls - Intervention group Printed material - Control group Printed material -
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method change in child's hair nicotine concentration baseline and 4-month follow-up change in air nicotine concentration baseline and 4-month follow-up
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method change in the respondents' knowledge on hazards of smoking and secondhand smoke baseline and 4-month follow-up change in frequency of smoking in the presence of the child baseline and 4-month follow-up change in household smoking restrictions baseline and 4-month follow-up
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia
🇦🇲Yerevan, Armenia