Utilizing Exhaled Breathe Condensate Collection to Study Ion Regulation in Cystic Fibrosis

Not Applicable

Completed

Brief Summary: Our aims were to determine if exhaled breath condensate (EBC) could detect differences in ion regulation between cystic fibrosis (CF) and healthy and measure the effect of the albuterol on EBC ions in these populations. We hypothesized EBC chloride and sodium would be lower in CF patients at baseline and that albuterol would decrease EBC sodium and increase EBC chloride.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Healthy subjects:

CF subjects:

Exclusion Criteria

Healthy subjects will be excluded if:

CF subjects:

If unable to consent for him/herself (cognitive impairment)
Physically unable to perform exercise or breathing tests
Have a history of renal disease or estimated creatinine clearance < 55ml/min
Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study.
Have an abnormal 12-lead EKG
Cystic Fibrosis related diabetes is uncontrolled
Forced Expiratory Volume after 1 second (FEV1) is less than 40% predicted
Have a history of joint disease
Have history of pulmonary exacerbation within the last two weeks
Experienced pulmonary hemorrhage within 6 months resulting in greater than 50cc of blood in the sputum
not currently enrolled in any other research study

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Albuterol	Albuterol	2.5 mg diluted in 3mL normal saline nebulized using a Power Neb2 nebulizer
Saline (healthy only)	Placebo saline	nebulized 3 ml normal saline using a Power Neb2 nebulizer

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Exhaled Sodium (mmol/L)	up to 90-minutes post albuterol	We collected exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples, with subjects breathing on a Jaeger EcoScreen for 20 minutes. EBC samples were collected in cystic fibrosis and healthy subjects before and 30-, 60-, and 90-minutes following albuterol administration.
Net Exhaled Chloride	baseline to 90 minutes post albuterol administration	The calculation of net chloride efflux was used to account for the paracellular reabsorption of Cl- that will follow the reabsorption of Na+ to maintain electroneutral ion flux. Thus, the net chloride efflux calculation used was the gross chloride concentration plus the absolute value of the percent change in sodium from baseline multiplied by the gross chloride concentration for each time point: Net Cl- efflux - \[Cl- X-min post\] + ((\[Na+ X-min post\]-\[Na+Baseline\])/ \[Na+Baseline\]) x \[Cl- X-min post\])

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Diffusion Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide	baseline, 30-, 60- and 90-minutes post albuterol administration	Using the rebreathe technique the diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide were measured, and this allowed for the determination of alveolar-capillary membrane conductance and pulmonary capillary blood volume. These measurements were made at baseline and 30-, 60- and 90-minutes post albuterol administration in cystic fibrosis and healthy subjects.
Diffusion Capacity of the Lungs for Nitric Oxide	baseline, 30-, 60- and 90-minutes post albuterol administration	Using the rebreathe technique the diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide were measured, and this allowed for the determination of alveolar-capillary membrane conductance and pulmonary capillary blood volume. These measurements were made at baseline and 30-, 60- and 90-minutes post albuterol administration in cystic fibrosis and healthy subjects.
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation	baseline, 30-, 60- and 90-minutes post albuterol	A finger pulse oximeter allowed for the measurement of peripheral oxygen saturation at baseline, 30-, 60- and 90-minutes post albuterol in cystic fibrosis and healthy subjects.