Brief Skin Cooling Induces Muscle Spindle Sensitivity With Heightened Sympathetic Outflow
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Cryotherapy Effect
- Sponsor
- Istanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital
- Enrollment
- 11
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Change from baseline in Soleus H-reflex
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 3 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
Cryotherapy has beneficial effects such as motor facilitation, increase isometric force generation, and reduce spasticity.
It is known that the muscle spindle has sympathetic innervation. Muscle spindle sensitivity increase with sympathetic activity. This research has three hypotheses: First, short-term cold application to the skin increases sympathetic activity. Second, there is an increase in muscle spindle sensitivity with increased sympathetic activity. Third, the effect of short-term cold on muscle spindle sensitivity continues until the skin temperature returns to normal. The purpose of this research is to test these hypotheses.
Detailed Description
Cryotherapy is a frequently used treatment method in sports medicine and rehabilitation due to its beneficial neuromuscular effects. Its main beneficial effects are motor facilitation, increase isometric force generation, and reduce spasticity. The motor effects of cryotherapy may differ depending on the duration of application, the coolant used agent (ice, ice water, coolant spray, etc.), and the thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. The short-term cold application increases the force of contraction with motor facilitation. As the cold application period gets longer, the effects of the cold that inhibit motor functions such as gamma motor neuron inhibition, muscle spindle inhibition, and muscle conduction block come to the fore. It is known that the muscle spindle has sympathetic innervation. It has been reported in recent studies that mental arithmetic, cold application to the skin, isometric contraction of remote muscles, and ischemia increase muscle spindle sensitivity through increased sympathetic activity. However, there are very limited studies showing that cold application increases muscle spindle sensitivity through increased sympathetic activity. On the other hand, in terms of determining treatment and rehabilitation strategies, it is important to know how long the effect of the cold application on muscle spindle sensitivity continues. However, it is not clear how long the effect of the cold application on muscle spindle sensitivity lasts after the cold application ends. There is a widespread belief that the motor facilitation effect of cryotherapy can occur with the stimulation of cutaneous cold receptors. Considering this view, it can be thought that the effect of the short-term cold application on muscle spindle sensitivity continues until the skin temperature returns to normal. This research has three hypotheses: First, short-term cold application to the skin increases sympathetic activity. Second, there is an increase in muscle spindle sensitivity with increased sympathetic activity. Third, the effect of short-term cold on muscle spindle sensitivity continues until the skin temperature returns to normal. The purpose of this research is to test these hypotheses.
Investigators
Ilhan KARACAN
Principal Investigator
Istanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Being healthy
- •Being a young adult (20-45 years old)
- •Volunteer
Exclusion Criteria
- •Scar, dermatitis, etc. in the skin tissue where the superficial electromyography electrode will be placed
- •Upper extremity bone and joint disease, history of neuromuscular disease
- •Heart disease, Hypertension
- •Cold intolerance
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Change from baseline in Soleus H-reflex
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-cold pressor test) and 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 minutes post-cold pressor test
By stimulating the tibial nerve with an electrical current, the Soleus H-reflex will be obtained. Its peak to peak amplitude will be measured in microvolts.
Change from baseline in Heart rate
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-cold pressor test) and 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 minutes post-cold pressor test
Heart rate will be monitored with DII derivation electrocardiographic recording.Heart rate will be reported as beats per minute.
Change from baseline in T-reflex
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-cold pressor test) and 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 minutes post-cold pressor test
Soleus T-reflex will be obtained by hitting the Achilles tendon with the electronic reflex hammer. Its peak to peak amplitude will be measured in microvolts.
Secondary Outcomes
- Skin temperature(Baseline (pre-cold pressor test) and 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 minutes post-cold pressor test)