Modified Thoracoabdominal Nerve Block With Perichondrial Approach in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Study

Patients aged 18-65 with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III, undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia, were included in the study. Patients with contraindications to regional anesthesia, impaired consciousness, coagulopathy, those using anticoagulants, those with infection at the procedure site, those with allergies to local anesthetics, pregnant women, and emergency cases were excluded from the study.

The primary outcome measures were the numerical rating scale pain scores (0-10, 0 = no pain, 1-3 = mild pain, 4-6 = moderate pain, 7-10 = severe pain) at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. The secondary outcome measures included the total amount of rescue analgesic consumed, the time to first rescue analgesia, the occurrence of complications (such as infection, hematoma formation, and local anesthetic systemic toxicity), and patient satisfaction. The age, gender, weight, height, surgery duration of patients in both groups were recorded. A Likert scale (1 = not satisfied at all, 2 = not satisfied, 3 = neutral, 4 = satisfied, and 5 = very satisfied) was used to assess patient satisfaction.