Fludarabine Phosphate, Cyclophosphamide, and Total-Body Irradiation Followed by Donor Bone Marrow Transplant, Mycophenolate Mofetil, and Cyclosporine in Treating Patients With Fanconi Anemia

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission
de Novo Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Fanconi Anemia
Previously Treated Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Interventions: Procedure: Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Drug: Cyclophosphamide
Drug: Cyclosporine
Drug: Fludarabine Phosphate
Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Drug: Mycophenolate Mofetil
Procedure: Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Radiation: Total-Body Irradiation

Registration Number: NCT00453388

Lead Sponsor: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

Brief Summary: This phase II trial studies how well total-body irradiation (TBI) works when given together with fludarabine phosphate and cyclophosphamide followed by donor bone marrow transplant, mycophenolate mofetil, and cyclosporine in treating patients with Fanconi anemia (FA). Giving low doses of chemotherapy, such as fludarabine phosphate and cyclophosphamide, and TBI before or after a donor bone marrow transplant helps stop the growth of abnormal cells. It may also stop the patient's immune system from rejecting the donor's stem cells. The donated stem cells may replace the patient's immune cells and help destroy any remaining cancer cells (graft-versus-tumor effect). Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can also make an immune response against the body's normal cells. Giving mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine after the transplant may stop this from happening.

Detailed Description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Identify doses of total-body irradiation (TBI) that lead to sufficient probability of donor engraftment (\> 5% donor cluster of differentiation \[CD\]3 chimerism) by day +200.

II. Evaluate the probability of severe acute graft-versus-host disease.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Evaluate the probabilities of overall survival, regimen-related toxicity (RRT), and recurrent hematopoietic malignancy in those patients with a prior underlying history of such.

II. Examine the degree to which mixed chimerism provides for amelioration of symptoms (i.e., infections due to neutropenia, hemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia) associated with bone marrow failure.

III. Determine if the FA complementation group and % initial mosaicism predict engraftment and RRT outcomes.

OUTLINE: Patients are assigned to 1 of 4 treatment arms.

NOTE: Patients no longer receive pre-transplant cyclophosphamide as of February 2009.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 6 months and then annually thereafter.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 6

Inclusion Criteria

Any patient with FA and bone marrow (BM) failure involving 2 of the following 3 lineages: granulocyte count < 0.5 x 10^9/L, platelet count < 20 x 10^9/L, or hemoglobin < 8 g/dL
Any patient with FA who requires red blood cell or platelet transfusions because of marrow failure
Any patient with FA who has a life-threatening BM failure involving a single hematopoietic lineage
Any patient with FA and pre-existing cytogenetic abnormality including hematopoietic malignancy (acute myeloid leukemia [AML] or myelodysplastic syndrome [MDS]) in morphological remission (defined as absence of circulating blasts and bone marrow blasts < 5% as assessed by morphology); Note that hematopoietic recovery is not required for remission status
Patients must have a negative cytotoxic cross match with donor
DONOR: Related, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical donors must be identical for one HLA haplotype and mismatched for any number of HLA-A, -B, -C, DRB1 or DQB1 loci of the unshared haplotype
DONOR: Unrelated, HLA-matched donors must be matched at HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing at the highest resolution routinely available at the time of donor selection; a single allele mismatch at HLA-A, B, or C is allowed OR a single DQB1 mismatch is allowed
DONOR: Bone marrow will be the only allowed hematopoietic stem cell source
DONOR: Haploidentical donor selection will be based on standard institutional criteria, otherwise no specific prioritization will be made amongst the suitable available donors

Exclusion Criteria

Patients having available HLA-matched related donors
Significant organ dysfunction that would prevent compliance with conditioning, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, or would severely limit the probability of survival, such as liver disease/failure (active hepatitis, moderate to severe portal fibrosis/cirrhosis confirmed by biopsy or uncorrectable hepatic synthetic dysfunction), lung disease, or cardiac disease (ejection fraction < 35%, or if unable to obtain ejection fraction, shortening fraction of < 26%; if shortening is < 26% a cardiology consult is required with principal investigator [PI] having final approval of eligibility)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients
Fertile females who are unwilling to use contraceptive techniques during and for the twelve months following treatment, as well as females who are pregnant or actively breast feeding
Fertile males who are unwilling to use contraceptive techniques during and for the twelve months following treatment
AML/MDS in morphological relapse, defined as having circulating blasts or bone marrow blasts >= 5% as assessed by morphology
Active infectious disease concerns
Karnofsky performance score < 50 or Lansky performance score < 40
DONOR: Donors found to have Fanconi anemia based on chromosomal breakage analysis
DONOR: Donors who are not expected to meet the minimum target dose of marrow cells (1 x 10^8 nucleated cells/kg recipient ideal body weight [IBW]) or who are unwilling to be bone marrow donors
DONOR: HIV-positive donors
DONOR: Donors who are cross-match positive with recipient
DONOR: Recipient homozygous at mismatched locus; if the recipient is homozygous at HLA-A, B, or C and the donor is mismatched at that locus, the donor should be avoided; exceptions must be discussed with the PI

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Arm I (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Fludarabine Phosphate	Patients with a history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donor receive fludarabine phosphate (FLU) intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF orally (PO) thrice daily (TID) on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm I (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Laboratory Biomarker Analysis	Patients with a history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donor receive fludarabine phosphate (FLU) intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF orally (PO) thrice daily (TID) on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm I (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation	Patients with a history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donor receive fludarabine phosphate (FLU) intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF orally (PO) thrice daily (TID) on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm I (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Cyclophosphamide	Patients with a history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donor receive fludarabine phosphate (FLU) intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF orally (PO) thrice daily (TID) on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm I (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Cyclosporine	Patients with a history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donor receive fludarabine phosphate (FLU) intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF orally (PO) thrice daily (TID) on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm II (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Laboratory Biomarker Analysis	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm II (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm II (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Total-Body Irradiation	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm III (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation	Patients with history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm I (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Mycophenolate Mofetil	Patients with a history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donor receive fludarabine phosphate (FLU) intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF orally (PO) thrice daily (TID) on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm I (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation	Patients with a history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donor receive fludarabine phosphate (FLU) intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF orally (PO) thrice daily (TID) on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm I (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Total-Body Irradiation	Patients with a history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donor receive fludarabine phosphate (FLU) intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF orally (PO) thrice daily (TID) on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm II (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm II (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Cyclophosphamide	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm III (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Cyclophosphamide	Patients with history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm III (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Cyclosporine	Patients with history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm III (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Fludarabine Phosphate	Patients with history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm III (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Laboratory Biomarker Analysis	Patients with history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm III (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Mycophenolate Mofetil	Patients with history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm III (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation	Patients with history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm III (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 Gy TBI dose-escalation)	Total-Body Irradiation	Patients with history of hematologic malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm IV (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm IV (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Cyclophosphamide	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm IV (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Cyclosporine	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm IV (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Fludarabine Phosphate	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm IV (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Laboratory Biomarker Analysis	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm IV (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Mycophenolate Mofetil	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm IV (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm IV (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Total-Body Irradiation	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-matched unrelated donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm II (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Cyclosporine	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm II (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Fludarabine Phosphate	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.
Arm II (2 vs 2.5 vs 3 vs 1 vs 0 Gy TBI de-escalation)	Mycophenolate Mofetil	Patients with no history of hematological malignancy and HLA-haploidentical donors receive FLU IV over 1 hour on days -6 to -2, and undergo TBI on day -1 and allogeneic bone marrow transplant on day 0. Patients then receive CY IV over 1 hour on days 3 and 4, MMF PO TID on days 5-35, and CSP IV or PO on days 5-84, with taper until day 180, in the absence of GVHD.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Patients Who Engraft at Each Dose of TBI Used	Up to Day 200	Number of subjects who engrafted. Engraftment defined as greater than 95% donor chimerism.
Incidence of Grades III-IV Acute GVHD	Up to Day 100	Number of subjects who developed maximum grade acute graft-vs-host disease aGVHD Stages Skin: 1. - a maculopapular eruption involving \< 25% BSA 2. - a maculopapular eruption involving 25 - 50% BSA 3. - generalized erythroderma 4. - generalized erythroderma with bullous formation and often with desquamation Liver: 1. - bilirubin 2.0 - 3.0 mg/100 mL 2. - bilirubin 3 - 5.9 mg/100 mL 3. - bilirubin 6 - 14.9 mg/100 mL 4. - bilirubin \> 15 mg/100 mL Gut: Diarrhea is graded 1 - 4 in severity. Nausea and vomiting and/or anorexia caused by GVHD is assigned as 1 in severity. The severity of gut involvement is assigned to the most severe involvement noted. Patients with visible bloody diarrhea are at least stage 2 gut and grade 3 overall. aGVHD Grades Grade III: Stage 2 - 4 gastrointestinal involvement and/or +2 to +4 liver involvement, with or without a rash Grade IV: Pattern and severity of GVHD similar to grade 3 with extreme constitutional symptoms or death

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Incidence of Transplant-related Mortality	Up to Day 200	Number of subjects who expired due to transplant-related mortality
Incidence of Adverse Events	Up to Day 100	Number of subjects who developed reportable AEs, assessed using adapted version of the Common Toxicity Criteria

Trial Locations

Locations (5): Children's Hospital and Research Center at Oakland
🇺🇸
Oakland, California, United States
Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
🇺🇸
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington Cancer Consortium
🇺🇸
Seattle, Washington, United States
Universidade Federal do Paraná
🇧🇷
Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Nashville, Tennessee, United States