A PROspective Faecal MIcrobiota tranSplantation Trial to Improve outcomEs in Patients With Cirrhosis
- Conditions
- Liver Cirrhosis
- Interventions
- Drug: Encapsulated FMTOther: Placebo
- Registration Number
- NCT06461208
- Lead Sponsor
- King's College London
- Brief Summary
A feasibility trial called PROFIT has previously shown that FMT administered endoscopically into the jejunum in patients with cirrhosis is safe and feasible and have identified some potential mechanisms of action that warrant further interrogation. The aim of the PROMISE Trial is to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of action of encapsulated FMT (versus placebo) to reduce infection and mortality in patients with alcohol-related and metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver (MASLD) cirrhosis.
- Detailed Description
There is an evolving crisis of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the UK and it is the only major chronic disease which is on the rise. The advanced stages of CLD, known as cirrhosis (a hardening and scarring of the liver), is the third biggest cause of death and loss of working life years behind heart disease and self-harm. People die from cirrhosis young with more than 1 in 10 in their 40s.
Patients with cirrhosis are very susceptible to infections, antibiotics become ineffective and patients may become infected with 'super bugs'. There is an urgent need for antibiotic-free approaches. The body contains trillions of microscopic organisms called bacteria which play an important role in keeping us healthy. Many of these bacteria live within our bowel and help our immune system fight infection. There are increased numbers of 'unfriendly' bowel bacteria in patients with cirrhosis which emit substances that are harmful to health and disrupt the immune system.
It could be beneficial to replace the unfriendly bowel bacteria in patients with cirrhosis with bacteria donated from a healthy person by performing a type of bowel bacteria transplant (known as faecal microbiota transplantation or FMT). The PROFIT trial was recently performed as a preliminary trial of FMT which was placed into the bowel with the help of a flexible camera (endoscopy). The study showed FMT was safe with no serious side effects, but patients told us they would prefer to take tablets rather than have an endoscopy. The chief investigator and her team have therefore made a capsule which contains dried stool from a healthy donor. Participants will need to take 5 of these capsules to achieve the same dose.
The PROMISE clinical trial is to test whether treating patients with FMT capsules will reduce the likelihood of them getting an infection by measuring the time it takes to develop an infection resulting in hospital admission. This will be compared to a 'dummy' capsule that contains no FMT (placebo). Patients will be selected at random to have FMT treatment or placebo and both the study team and the patients will not know which treatment they are taking. Participants will need to take 5 capsules every 3-months. Participants will continue treatment for a total of 21-months or until they develop their first infection leading to hospital admission and will be followed-up for a maximum of 2-years.
This study will also examine if having FMT will reduce the side effects of cirrhosis and if it has beneficial effects on the liver and immune system. The investigator team will study whether it reduces hospital admissions, the incidence of 'super-bug' infections and death. Laboratory studies will look at whether FMT treatment will help the immune system fight infection.
The World Health Organisation describes the resistance of bacteria to the effects of antibiotics as one of the biggest threats to global health. The discovery of new antibiotics has not kept pace. The government's white paper proposes a 5-year plan to tackle resistance to antibiotics. Consultation with our patient co-applicant, patient advisory group, The British Liver Trust and Guts UK Charity have highlighted recurrent hospitalisation, over-use of antibiotics and fear of acquiring a 'super-bug' as being important priorities to patients. The results and study findings will be published in conjunction with patient support groups, the wider media and the NHS. The investigator will ensure the research impacts on the management of patients with CLD and shapes policy and guideline development.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 300
- Aged ≥ 18 years
- Confirmed Alcohol-related (ALD) or Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) or MASLD-ALD Overlap cirrhosis based on clinical, radiological and/or histological criteria.
- MELD score 8-16 28
- Patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis must have been abstinent for a minimum of 4 weeks prior to randomisation.
- Patients must be deemed to have the capacity to provide written informed consent to participate.
- Severe or life-threatening food allergy (e.g., peanut allergy)
- Pregnancy or planned pregnancy*. Urine testing will be performed at screening to rule out pregnancy in females.
- Breast-feeding
- Patients treated for acute variceal bleeding, infection, overt hepatic encephalopathy, bacterial peritonitis or ACLF within 14 days prior to randomisation.
- Active alcohol consumption of >20 grams/day [1 unit of alcohol contains 10mLs or 8g of alcohol]
- Had a previous liver transplant
- Patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
- Patients with coeliac disease.
- Patients with a history of prior gastrointestinal resection or surgery that could change the gut microbiome or result in bacterial overgrowth e.g. gastric bypass
- Active malignancy including hepatocellular carcinoma
- Patients with an expected life expectancy <6 months or listed for liver transplantation
- Infected with HIV, hepatitis B or C [patients who have undetectable hepatitis B or C DNA/RNA can be recruited].
- Patients who have received antibiotics or probiotics (excluding food stuffs containing 'live bacteria' such as live yoghurts, kefir, fermented vegetables such as sauerkraut/kombucha or cheese) within 7 days prior to randomisation. Protocol Version 3.0 - 03/11/2023 33
- Swallowing disorder, oral-motor dyscoordination or likely inability/unwillingness to ingest study medication.
- Patients who have received another investigational drug or device within 4 months prior to randomisation.
- Patients, who in the opinion of the PI, have a medical condition, or other relevant psychological, familial, or social factor that may jeopardise their health, compliance, or influence the trial integrity in any way.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Encapsulated FMT Encapsulated FMT - Placebo Placebo -
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Defined infection resulting in hospital admission From date of randomisation until the date of first hospitlisation, assessed up to Month 24. To evaluate the efficacy of encapsulated FMT to reduce the susceptibility of infection in patients with cirrhosis measured by the time to first infection resulting in hospitalisation.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Incidence of decompensating events Screening - End of Visit (Month 24) All types of decompensating events will be included:
i. hepatic encephalopathy, ii. new-onset ascites, iii. variceal bleeding and iv. spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.Progression to ACLF (Acute on Chronic Liver Failure) i.e. the development of one or more organ failure Screening - End of Visit (Month 24) All-cause culture-confirmed infection Screening - End of Visit (Month 24) Incidence of antibiotic usage Screening - End of Visit (Month 24) Hospitalisation rates (liver-related and all-cause) (time to event) including the length of stay (time to discharge among hospitalised participants) and admission to high dependency/intensive care. Screening - End of Visit (Month 24) Change in liver disease severity scores Screening - End of Visit (Month 24) UKELD Score (UK for End stage Liver Disease) Score range: Min 40 - Max 80 (The higher score, the more worse outcome)
All-cause mortality and liver-related mortality. Screening - End of Visit (Month 24) Change in alcohol use disorder-related events in patients enrolled with alcohol-related cirrhosis as assessed by the alcohol-use disorders identification test (AUDIT score) Screening - End of Visit (Month 24) AUDIT Score (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) Score range: Min 0 - Max 40 (The higher score, the more worse outcome)
Change in urinary ethyl glucuronide/ethyl sulphate levels if tested as part of the standard of care. Screening - End of Visit (Month 24) Occurrence of AMR (Anti-Microbial Resistance) Screening - End of Visit (Month 24) (including skin and nose colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria (ESBL), fluoroquinolone-resistant gram negative and linezolid-resistant Enterococci (LRE).
Change in quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) scores Screening - End of Visit (Month 24) EQ-5D-5L Score (EuroQol-5 Dimension- 5 Levels) Score range: Min 11111 - Max 55555 (The higher score, the more worse outcome)
Change in depression and anxiety scores (using HADS) Screening - End of Visit (Month 24) HADS Score (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale) Score range: Min 0 - Max 21 (The higher score, the more worse outcome) Data for anxiety and depression to be cateogorised separately.
Trial Locations
- Locations (16)
Southmead Hospital
🇬🇧Bristol, United Kingdom
King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
🇬🇧London, United Kingdom
St. George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
🇬🇧London, United Kingdom
Royal Derby Hospital
🇬🇧Derby, United Kingdom
Queen's Medical Centre
🇬🇧Nottingham, United Kingdom
Royal Bournemouth Hospital
🇬🇧Bournemouth, United Kingdom
St. James University Hospital
🇬🇧Leeds, United Kingdom
Freeman Hospital
🇬🇧Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Hull Royal Infirmary
🇬🇧Hull, United Kingdom
Derriford Hospital
🇬🇧Plymouth, United Kingdom
Bristol Royal Infirmary
🇬🇧Bristol, United Kingdom
Ninewells Hospital
🇬🇧Dundee, United Kingdom
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
🇬🇧Gateshead, United Kingdom
Queen Elizabeth University Hospital
🇬🇧Glasgow, United Kingdom
Royal Gwent Hospital
🇬🇧Newport, United Kingdom
St. Mary's Hospital
🇬🇧London, United Kingdom