Comparative study of intrathecal Nalbuphine and intrathecal Fentanyl as adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine in abdominal and lower limb surgeries

Spinal anaesthesia is the most popular regional anaesthesia technique.Pain is one of the primary concerns after surgery .Many drugs have been used intrathecally as an adjuvant to local anaesthetics to prolong post operative pain relief .Use of intrathecal opioids as adjuncts has a definite place in the present regional anaesthesia practice.Intrathecal opioids are synergistic with local anaesthetics and prolong the duration of postoperative analgesia.Drugs like Morphine,Fentanyl have been used but they have their own side effects. Nalbuphine is an opioid agonist-antagonist recently introduced. It has lesser side effetcs compared to others .There are very few studies comparing N albuphine and Fentanyl .Hence an attempt is being made to comnpare the efficacy of Nalbuphine and Fentanyl in postoperative analgesia and haemodynamics