Effect of Exposure to Visual Campaigns and Narrative Vignettes on Addiction Stigma Among Health Professionals: A Randomized Experiment
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Enrollment
- 1,842
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Rating of willingness to have person with opioid use disorder as a neighbor
Study Overview
Brief Summary
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to stigma reduction message frames communicated by visual campaigns and narrative vignettes among a national sample of health professionals.
Detailed Description
This randomized experiment evaluated the impact of exposure to message frames communicating the importance of non-stigmatizing language regarding addiction and the effectiveness of medication treatment for opioid use disorder delivered through a visual campaign alone or through a visual campaign in addition to a narrative vignette from the perspective of one of three messengers (a person with opioid use disorder, a clinician, or a health system leader) on attitudes toward people with opioid use disorder and medications for treating opioid use disorder among a national sample of health professionals.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Other
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •employed as health professional in the United States, including clinicians (e.g., physicians, nurses, physician assistants, pharmacists, and optometrists), technicians and technologists (e.g., laboratory technologist or technician, emergency medical technician, paramedic, licensed practical or licensed vocational nurse, medical records or health information technician, etc.), health aids and assistants (e.g., nursing aide, home health aide, medical assistant, pharmacy aide, phlebotomist, etc.)
- •participant in existing web-based survey panel (IPSOS's KnowledgeNetworks panel and partner opt-in panel)
Exclusion Criteria
- •not employed in health profession
- •not able to complete experiment and survey in English
Arms & Interventions
No exposure control group
This group was not exposed to any message frame.
Words Matter - Visual Campaign
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a visual campaign communicating the importance of use of non-stigmatizing language regarding substance use disorder and opioid use disorder in clinical settings.
Intervention: Words Matter - Visual Campaign (Behavioral)
Words Matter - Visual Campaign & Narrative Vignette (Messenger: Person with Opioid Use Disorder)
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a visual campaign communicating the importance of use of non-stigmatizing language regarding substance use disorder and opioid use disorder in clinical settings and a narrative vignette told from the perspective of a person with opioid use disorder.
Intervention: Words Matter - Visual Campaign & Narrative Vignette (Messenger: Person with Opioid Use Disorder) Experimental: Words Matter - Visual Campaign & Narrative Vignette (Messenger: Clinician) (Behavioral)
Words Matter - Visual Campaign & Narrative Vignette (Messenger: Clinician)
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a visual campaign communicating the importance of use of non-stigmatizing language regarding substance use disorder and opioid use disorder in clinical settings and a narrative vignette told from the perspective of a clinician.
Intervention: Words Matter - Visual Campaign & Narrative Vignette (Messenger: Clinician) (Behavioral)
Words Matter - Visual Campaign & Narrative Vignette (Messenger: Health System Administrator)
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a visual campaign communicating the importance of use of non-stigmatizing language regarding substance use disorder and opioid use disorder in clinical settings and a narrative vignette told from the perspective of a health system administrator/leader.
Intervention: Words Matter - Visual Campaign & Narrative Vignette (Messenger: Health System Administrator) (Behavioral)
Medication Treatment Works - Visual Campaign
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a visual campaign communicating the effectiveness of medications for treating opioid use disorder in saving lives.
Intervention: Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder Works - Visual Campaign (Behavioral)
Medication Treatment Works - Visual Campaign & Narrative Vignette (Person with OUD)
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a visual campaign communicating the effectiveness of medications for treating opioid use disorder in saving lives and a narrative vignette told from the perspective of a person with opioid use disorder.
Intervention: Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder Works - Visual Campaign & Narrative Vignette (Messenger: Person with Opioid Use Disorder) (Behavioral)
Medication Treatment Works - Visual Campaign & Narrative Vignette (Clinician)
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a visual campaign communicating the effectiveness of medications for treating opioid use disorder in saving lives and a narrative vignette told from the perspective of a clinician.
Intervention: Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder Works - Visual Campaign & Narrative Vignette (Messenger: Clinician) (Behavioral)
Medication Treatment Works - Visual Campaign & Narrative Vignette (Health System Administrator)
Participants randomized to this arm were exposed to a visual campaign communicating the effectiveness of medications for treating opioid use disorder in saving lives and a narrative vignette told from the perspective of a health system administrator/leader.
Intervention: Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder Works - Visual Campaign & Narrative Vignette (Messenger: Health System Administrator) (Behavioral)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Rating of willingness to have person with opioid use disorder as a neighbor
Time Frame: Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention
Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 5 indicating greater unwillingness and 1 indicating greater willingness to have a person with opioid use disorder as a neighbor. Measured via survey questionnaire.
Rating of agreement that individuals with opioid use disorder are to blame
Time Frame: Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention
Rating of agreement with statement "Individuals with opioid use disorder only have themselves to blame for their problem" on 5-point Likert scale with 5 indicating strong disagreement and 1 indicating strong agreement. Measured via survey questionnaire.
Rating of agreement that opioid use disorder is a medical condition
Time Frame: Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention
Rating of agreement with statement "Opioid use disorder is a chronic medical condition like diabetes mellitus" on 5-point Likert scale with 5 indicating strong disagreement and 1 indicating strong agreement. Measured via survey questionnaire.
Feeling thermometer measure of warmth toward people with opioid use disorder
Time Frame: Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention
Rating of warmth felt toward people with opioid use disorder with 0 indicating extremely cold and 100 indicating extremely warm. Measured via survey questionnaire.
Rating of willingness to have person with opioid use disorder marry into their family
Time Frame: Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention
Item from the Social Distance Scale that measures one element of stigma (desire for social distance). Measured on 5-point Likert scale with 5 indicating greater unwillingness and 1 indicating greater willingness to have a person with opioid use disorder marry into the family. Measured via survey questionnaire.
Rating of support for increasing government spending on opioid use disorder treatment
Time Frame: Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention
Rating of support for increasing government spending on treatment of opioid use disorder with 5 indicating strongly favoring and 1 indicating strongly opposing. Measured via survey questionnaire.
Secondary Outcomes
- Stigmatizing Language - Addict(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Stigmatizing Language - Substance abuse(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Stigmatizing Language - clean(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Stigmatizing Language - addicted baby(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Perception of opioid use disorder treatment effectiveness(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Stigmatizing Language - person with substance use disorder(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Stigmatizing Language - positive test result(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Willingness to sign pledge committing to using non-stigmatizing language(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Stigmatizing Language - dirty(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Stigmatizing Language - substance use(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Stigmatizing Language - baby born with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Stigmatizing Language - negative test result(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Rating of willingness to have person taking medication marry as a neighbor(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Rating of strength/weakness of person taking medication(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Rating of willingness to have person taking medication marry into their family(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Rating of agreement that recovery is possible(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)
- Feeling thermometer measure of warmth toward people taking medication(Measured immediately post-exposure to message frame intervention)