MedPath

Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine

Generic Name
Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine
Drug Type
Biotech
Unique Ingredient Identifier
JT2NS6183B
Background

The Janssen COVID-19 vaccine (Ad26.COV2.S) is a recombinant vaccine that contains an adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) vector expressing a stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The vaccine was created in collaboration with Johnson and Johnson (J&J), Janssen Pharmaceutical, and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. A preclinical study in hamsters infected with SARS-COV-2 infection showed a single immunization with the vaccine-elicited neutralizing responses and protected against SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia and mortality, providing protection against the disease progression. Follow-up preclinical studies in rhesus monkeys showed that the Ad26 vaccine produced a robust response and provided near perfect protection in nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage following SARS-COV-2 challenge. As of June 2020, a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in adult humans was announced to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the ad26.COV.S vaccine in 1045 healthy adults between the ages of 18-55 (NCT04436276). The Janssen COVID-19 vaccine is available under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) in the US.

Indication

Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine is indicated for active immunization for the prevention of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus in individuals 18 years of age and older.

In the US, Janssen COVID-19 vaccine is authorized for use under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for active immunization to prevent COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in individuals 18 years of age and older for whom other FDA-authorized or approved COVID-19 vaccines are not accessible or clinically appropriate, and in individuals 18 years of age and older who elect to receive the Janssen COVID19 Vaccine because they would otherwise not receive a COVID-19 vaccine.

Associated Conditions
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19)
Associated Therapies
Active Immunization

FDA Requests Additional Trial for Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine Before Full Approval

• The FDA has asked Novavax to conduct an additional randomized, controlled study of its COVID-19 vaccine NVX-CoV2601 before considering full approval, despite the vaccine having emergency use authorization since 2022. • Interim results from a phase 2/3 study showed Novavax's updated XBB.1.5 variant vaccine generated 5.8 times higher neutralizing antibody levels compared to the original formulation, with a favorable safety profile. • The FDA's request represents a significant setback for Novavax, which had expected approval based on prior conversations with regulators and had already passed its April 1 PDUFA date.

COVID-19 Vaccine Landscape: mRNA and DNA Vaccine Efficacy and Development

• mRNA vaccines like Pfizer-BioNTech's BNT162b2 and Moderna's mRNA-1273 have demonstrated high efficacy (72-95%) against moderate-to-severe COVID-19 in adults, with ongoing studies evaluating their effectiveness against emerging variants. • DNA vaccines, including Zydus Cadila's ZyCov-D, have shown promise with good safety profiles and the ability to induce neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses, offering a cost-effective alternative, especially in developing countries. • Studies indicate that extending the interval between doses of mRNA vaccines may enhance immune responses, particularly in previously uninfected individuals, although the recognition of variants like Omicron may decline more rapidly. • Booster doses of mRNA vaccines, such as BNT162b2, have been shown to significantly improve neutralizing titers against Omicron variants, supporting a three-dose regimen for enhanced protection.
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