Rigosertib

Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with therapies like photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic (PDT) enhances anti-tumor effects by activating immune responses and targeting tumor microenvironments. PTT and PDT increase tumor immunogenicity and sensitivity to ICIs, showing promise in treating various cancers. However, challenges like light penetration depth and oxygen dependency for PDT limit efficacy. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, focused ultrasound, and cancer vaccines also synergize with ICIs, improving outcomes in preclinical models. Despite promising results, further studies are needed to validate these combinations' safety and efficacy across different tumor types.

Cancer remains a leading cause of death, with rising cases due to increased life expectancy. Despite significant pharmaceutical investments, cancer drug research faces challenges, with therapeutic innovations often falling short. Advances include targeted therapies, monoclonal antibodies, and antibody-small molecule conjugates, improving selectivity and reducing adverse effects. Recent years have seen breakthroughs in drug R&D, focusing on novel molecular targets and innovative mechanisms of action, aiming for improved treatments.