Hydroxychloroquine

Generic Name: Hydroxychloroquine

Brand Names: Plaquenil, Sovuna

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₁₈H_₂₆ClN_₃O

CAS Number: 118-42-3

Unique Ingredient Identifier: 4QWG6N8QKH

Background: Hydroxychloroquine is a racemic mixture consisting of an R and S enantiomer. Hydroxychloroquine is an aminoquinoline like chloroquine. It is a commonly prescribed medication in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Hydroxychloroquine is also used for the prophylaxis of malaria in regions where chloroquine resistance is unlikely. It was developed during World War II as a derivative of quinacrine with less severe side effects. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are both being investigated for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.

The FDA emergency use authorization for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 was revoked on 15 June 2020.

Hydroxychloroquine was granted FDA approval on 18 April 1955.

A recent study reported a fatality in the group being treated with hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19.

Indication: Hydroxychloroquine is indicated for the prophylaxis of malaria where chloroquine resistance is not reported, treatment of uncomplicated malaria (caused by P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, or P. vivax), chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus, acute rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic rheumatoid arthritis.

Associated Conditions: Acute Rheumatoid Arthritis, Malaria, Porphyria Cutanea Tarda, Q Fever, Sjogren's Syndrome (SS), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Uncomplicated Malaria caused by Plasmodium Vivax, Uncomplicated Malaria caused by Plasmodium malariae, Uncomplicated Malaria caused by Plasmodium ovale, Chronic Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis, Uncomplicated Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum

Associated Therapies: -

Clinical Trials

VA Remote and Equitable Access to COVID-19 Healthcare Delivery (VA-REACH TRIAL)

Phase 3

Suspended

Conditions: COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2

Interventions: Drug: Placebo oral tablet
Drug: Hydroxychloroquine
Drug: Azithromycin

First Posted Date: 2020-04-27

Last Posted Date: 2020-06-22

Lead Sponsor: Salomeh Keyhani MD

Target Recruit Count: 300

Registration Number: NCT04363203

Locations: 🇺🇸
San Francisco VA, San Francisco, California, United States

Favipiravir in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Phase 4

Conditions: COVID-19

Interventions: Drug: Favipiravir
Drug: Hydroxychloroquine

First Posted Date: 2020-04-24

Last Posted Date: 2020-04-28

Lead Sponsor: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Target Recruit Count: 40

Registration Number: NCT04359615

Locations: 🇮🇷
Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of

Azithromycin in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Phase 4

Conditions: COVID-19

Interventions: Drug: Hydroxychloroquine
Drug: Azithromycin

First Posted Date: 2020-04-24

Last Posted Date: 2020-04-24

Lead Sponsor: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Target Recruit Count: 40

Registration Number: NCT04359316

Locations: 🇮🇷
Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of

Use of Hydroxychloroquine Alone or Associated for Inpatients With SARS-CoV2 Virus (COVID-19)

Phase 3

Withdrawn

Conditions: SARS-CoV 2
SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
Coronavirus Infections
Pulmonary Disease

Interventions: Drug: Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate
Drug: Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate + Azythromycin

First Posted Date: 2020-04-24

Last Posted Date: 2020-11-19

Lead Sponsor: Apsen Farmaceutica S.A.

Registration Number: NCT04361461

Locations: 🇧🇷
Apsen Farmacêutica S.A., São Paulo, Brazil

Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine or Only Supportive Care in Patients AdmItted With Moderate to Severe COVID-19

Phase 4

Terminated

Conditions: COVID-19

Interventions: Drug: Chloroquine Sulfate
Drug: Hydroxychloroquine
Other: Standard supportive care

First Posted Date: 2020-04-24

Last Posted Date: 2020-06-19

Lead Sponsor: UMC Utrecht

Target Recruit Count: 25

Registration Number: NCT04362332

Locations: 🇳🇱
UMCU, Utrecht, Netherlands

Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine, Telmisartan and Azithromycin on the Survival of Hospitalized Elderly Patients With COVID-19

Phase 3

Terminated

Conditions: COVID-19 Infection

Interventions: Drug: Hydroxychloroquine
Drug: Azithromycin
Drug: Telmisartan

First Posted Date: 2020-04-24

Last Posted Date: 2022-07-11

Lead Sponsor: University Hospital, Strasbourg, France

Target Recruit Count: 16

Registration Number: NCT04359953

Locations: 🇫🇷
CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

Treatment for COVID-19 in High-Risk Adult Outpatients

Phase 2

Terminated

Conditions: SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19

Interventions: Drug: Lopinavir 200 MG / Ritonavir 50 MG [Kaletra]
Drug: Ascorbic Acid
Drug: Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate
Drug: Folic Acid
Drug: Azithromycin

First Posted Date: 2020-04-21

Last Posted Date: 2022-08-08

Lead Sponsor: University of Washington

Target Recruit Count: 289

Registration Number: NCT04354428

Locations: 🇺🇸
SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States
🇺🇸
Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
🇺🇸
University of Washington Coordinating Center, Seattle, Washington, United States

and more 3 locations