Morphine, the main alkaloid of opium, was first obtained from poppy seeds in 1805. It is a potent analgesic, though its use is limited due to tolerance, withdrawal, and the risk of abuse. Morphine is still routinely used today, though there are a number of semi-synthetic opioids of varying strength such as codeine, fentanyl, methadone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, and oxycodone.
Morphine was granted FDA approval in 1941.
Morphine is used for the management of chronic, moderate to severe pain.
Opiods, including morphine, are effective for the short term management of pain. Patients taking opioids long term may need to be monitored for the development of physical dependence, addiction disorder, and drug abuse.
II Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
Albert Einstein College of Medicine/ Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States
Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
Rioko K Sakata, São Paulo, Brazil
First hospital Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China
Alameda Health System, Highland Hospital, Oakland, California, United States
Stay informed with timely notifications on clinical trials, regulatory changes, and research advancements related to this medication.