Human interleukin-2

FDA approved lifileucel (Amtagvi), the first TIL-based cancer treatment for advanced melanoma, marking a milestone in cellular therapy. Derived from patients' tumor T cells, lifileucel showed significant tumor reduction in trials. Despite side effects, its approval heralds a new era in treating solid tumors, with ongoing research to enhance efficacy and broaden applications.

Sanofi's cancer drug SAR444245, part of a $2.5B acquisition, returns to Phase 1/2 testing due to lower than expected efficacy, leading to a €1.6B impairment. The IL-2 based therapy aims for a safer, effective cancer treatment amidst competition from other biotechs innovating IL-2 therapies.

Eflornithine (Iwilfin) was FDA-approved on December 13, 2023, for high-risk neuroblastoma patients post-therapy response. It's the first therapy aimed at reducing relapse risk in pediatric patients. Dosage varies by body surface area, with warnings for serious side effects like myelosuppression and hepatotoxicity.

Eflornithine (Iwilfin) FDA-approved to reduce relapse risk in high-risk neuroblastoma patients post-therapy. Based on Study 3b and ANBL0032 trials, showing improved event-free and overall survival. Common adverse effects include otitis media, diarrhea, and cough.

FDA approved eflornithine (Vaniqa) for high-risk neuroblastoma patients showing partial response to prior treatment. Study 3b, involving 105 patients, compared eflornithine's efficacy and safety against an external control, showing improved survival rates. Common side effects included diarrhea, infections, and laboratory abnormalities.

FDA approved eflornithine (Iwilfin) to reduce relapse risk in high-risk neuroblastoma patients post-therapy. Based on Study 3b vs. ANBL0032 trial, it showed improved event-free and overall survival. Common side effects include otitis media and diarrhea. Approved after FDA committee's positive vote.

Cancer immunotherapy, recognized as a breakthrough in 2013, has evolved from early bacterial treatments to modern immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T cell therapies. Pioneers like Dr. William B. Coley laid the groundwork, leading to FDA-approved treatments for various cancers. Despite challenges like high costs and severe side effects, advancements continue, aiming for broader application and efficacy.

The study introduces a 3D tumor slice culture (3D-TSC) system for high-throughput drug screening, preserving original tumor immune components. It validates drug efficacy within 7 days, using time-lapse imaging and RNA sequencing. The system accurately mimics tumor growth and immune microenvironment, enabling effective immune checkpoint blockade assays and personalized cancer treatment predictions.

Bleeding in advanced cancer patients is common, with causes including tumor invasion, treatment side effects, and medications. Management involves discontinuing exacerbating agents, using blood products, and applying local or systemic therapies. Palliative treatments like radiation, endoscopic procedures, and surgery are tailored to patient needs, though literature on effective strategies is limited.

Glioblastoma treatment remains challenging despite advances in therapy. Immunotherapy, including vaccines, cell-based approaches, and immune checkpoint blockade, shows promise. Research indicates the CNS is immunoactive, not immunoprivileged. Clinical studies are exploring various immunotherapies, emphasizing the need for optimized response assessment and biomarkers. Combinatorial immunotherapeutic regimens are promising and require further investigation.