Mycophenolate mofetil, also known as MMF or CellCept, is a prodrug of mycophenolic acid, and classified as a reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). This drug is an immunosuppressant combined with drugs such as Cyclosporine and corticosteroids to prevent organ rejection after hepatic, renal, and cardiac transplants. It is marketed by Roche Pharmaceuticals and was granted FDA approval for the prophylaxis of transplant rejection in 1995. In addition to the above uses, mycophenolate mofetil has also been studied for the treatment of nephritis and other complications of autoimmune diseases. Unlike another immunosuppressant class, the calcineurin inhibitors, MMF generally does not cause nephrotoxicity or fibrosis.
Previously, mycophenolic acid (MPA) was administered to individuals with autoimmune diseases beginning in the 1970s, but was discontinued due to gastrointestinal effects and concerns over carcinogenicity. The new semi-synthetic 2-morpholinoethyl ester of MPA was synthesized to avoid the gastrointestinal effects associated with the administration of MPA. It demonstrates an increased bioavailability, a higher efficacy, and reduced gastrointestinal effects when compared to MPA.
Mycophenolate mofetil is indicated in combination with other immunosuppressants to prevent the rejection of kidney, heart, or liver transplants in adult and pediatric patients ≥3 months old. Mycophenolate mofetil may also be used off-label as a second-line treatment for autoimmune hepatitis that has not responded adequately to first-line therapy. Other off-label uses of this drug include lupus-associated nephritis and dermatitis in children.
University of Colorado Cancer Center - Anschutz Cancer Pavilion, Aurora, Colorado, United States
City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington Cancer Consortium, Seattle, Washington, United States
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
Watford General Hospital, Herts, England, United Kingdom
Leeds Cancer Centre at St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
UCSF, 400 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, California, United States
Weill Cornell University, New York, New York, United States
HealthOne Presbyterian St. Lukes Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, United States
Emory University, Altanta, Georgia, United States
Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
Pfizer Investigational Site, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Masonic Cancer Center at University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
Addenbrooke's Hospital - Departement of Medecine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
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