Opium is the first substance of the diverse group of the opiates. It has been known for a long time, and the first evidence of a poppy culture dates from 5 thousand years by the Sumerians. During the years, opium was used as a sedative and hypnotic, but it was determined to be addictive.
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Opium and its derivatives are the most commonly used medications for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Opium and its alkaloid-derivatives can also be used as tranquilizers, antitussives and in the treatment of diarrhea. The direct use of opium is not common nowadays but the use of some of its derivatives such as morphine and codeine, as well as the us...
Rooz-e-No substance use treatment center, Shiraz, Iran, Islamic Republic of
Tavalodi Digar, Isfahan, Iran, Islamic Republic of
Dodange Substance use disorder treatment center, Mohammadabad, Mazandaran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
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