Hydromorphone is a pure opioid, a semi-synthetic hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine that has been available clinically since 1920. Structurally, hydromorphone derived from morphine in the modification of the hydroxyl group in the carbon 6 to a carbonyl and the absence of a double bond between the carbon 7 and 8. Due to these modifications, it present...
Hydromorphone is indicated for the management of moderate to severe acute pain and severe chronic pain. Due to its addictive potential and overdose risk, hydromorphone is only prescribed when other first-line treatments have failed.
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Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University anesthesiology department, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Southern medical university Nanfang hospital, Guangzhou, China
Millard Fillmore Suburban Hospital, Williamsville, New York, United States
Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Washington University School of Medicine/Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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