Metformin

Metformin Report

Name: Metformin Name (English): Metformin DrugBank ID: DB00331 Type: Small Molecule CAS Number: 657-24-9

General Information: Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent of the biguanide class, primarily used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is often considered the first-line medication for this condition, especially in overweight individuals. Metformin can also be used off-label for insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Pharmacology: Metformin works by:

• Decreasing hepatic glucose production.
• Increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.
• Improving glucose uptake and utilization.
• Increasing GDF15 secretion, which reduces appetite and caloric intake.

Indications:

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults and pediatric patients ≥10 years old, as an adjunct to diet and exercise.
• May be used as a second-line agent for infertility in women with PCOS.
• Investigational use for other conditions such as type 1 diabetes, obesity, and various cancers is ongoing.

Dosage and Administration: Dosage varies depending on the formulation (immediate-release or extended-release) and individual patient needs. It is typically taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.

Contraindications:

• Severe renal impairment (eGFR below 30 mL/min/1.73 m²)
• Hypersensitivity to metformin
• Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis