- Approval Id
- 1718b5e7da8ac315
- Drug Approval Emc Name
- Beechams Flu-Plus Caplets GSL
- Drug Name
- Beechams Flu-Plus Caplets GSL
- Company Name
- Haleon UK Trading Limited
- Company Address
- The Heights, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0NY, UK
- Company Website
- https://www.haleon.com/
- Company Medical Info Direct Line
- 0800 783 8881
- Company Medical Info Email
- mystory.gb@haleon.com
- Company Customer Care Direct Line
- 0800 783 8881
- Legal Category
- General Sales List
- Authorisation Holder
- Haleon UK Trading Limited
The Heights
Weybridge
Surrey
KT13 0NY
United Kingdom
- Authorisation Number
- PL 44673/0015
- Authorisation Date
- Date of first authorisation: 29 July 1996
Date of latest renewal: 06 March 2009
- Instruction Authorisation Holder
- Haleon UK Trading Limited
The Heights
Weybridge
Surrey
KT13 0NY
United Kingdom
- Instruction Authorisation Number
- PL 44673/0015
- Instruction Authorisation Date
- Date of first authorisation: 29 July 1996
Date of latest renewal: 06 March 2009
- Instruction Composition
- Each caplet contains Paracetamol 500 mg, Caffeine 25 mg and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 5 mg.
Excipients with known effect:
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sodium Sunset Yellow | 0.06mg 0.62mg | (as sodium laurilsulfate) (E 110) |
For full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
- Instruction Dosage Form
- Film coated tablet
- Instruction Clinical Particulars
- 4.1 Therapeutic indications
The product is recommended for the relief of sinus pain and the symptoms of colds and influenza, including fatigue and drowsiness.4.2 Posology and method of administration
Adults, children aged 16 years and over and the Elderly:
2 caplets every 4 to 6 hours as required . Do not take more than 8 caplets in 24 hours.
These doses should not be repeated more frequently than every four hours.
Do not take continuously for more than 7 days without medical advice
Do not exceed the stated dose.
Use the lowest amount needed to achieve benefit for the shortest duration of treatment.
Not recommended for children under the age of 16 years.4.3 Contraindications
Concomitant use of other sympathomimetic decongestants
Phaeochromocytoma
Closed angle glaucoma
Known hypersensitivity to paracetamol or any of the other constituents.
Hepatic or severe renal impairment, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, and heart disease. Patients taking tricyclic antidepressants, or beta-blocking drugs and those who are taking or who have taken within the last two weeks monoamine oxidase inhibitors (see section 4.5).4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Contains paracetamol. Patients should be advised not to take other paracetamol-containing products concurrently. The concomitant use with other products containing paracetamol may lead to an overdose. Paracetamol overdose may cause liver failure which may require liver transplant or lead to death. Concomitant use of other decongestants or cold and flu medicines should be avoided.
The hazard of overdose is greater in those with non-cirrhotic alcoholic liver disease. Underlying liver disease increases the risk of paracetamol-related liver damage.
Medical advice should be sought before using this product in patients with these conditions:
• An enlargement of the prostate gland
• Occlusive vascular disease (e.g. Raynaud's phenomenon)
• Cardiovascular disease
Cases of high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) due to pyroglutamic acidosis have been reported in patients with severe illness such as severe renal impairment and sepsis, or in patients with malnutrition or other sources of glutathione deficiency (e.g. chronic alcoholism) who were treated with paracetamol at therapeutic dose for a prolonged period or a combination of paracetamol and flucloxacillin. If HAGMA due to pyroglutamic acidosis is suspected, prompt discontinuation of paracetamol and close monitoring is recommended. The measurement of urinary 5-oxoproline may be useful to identify pyroglutamic acidosis as underlying cause of HAGMA in patients with multiple risk factors.
This product should not be used by patients taking other sympathomimetics (such as decongestants, appetite suppressants and amphetamine-like psychostimulants) (see interactions).
Excessive intake of caffeine (e.g. coffee, tea and some canned drinks) should be avoided while taking this product.
Do not exceed the stated dose.
If symptoms persist consult your doctor.
Keep out of the sight and reach of children.
Consult your doctor if you are taking warfarin.
Contain sunset yellow/ amaranth (E110) which may cause an allergic reaction.
\*Special Label Warnings\*
\*\*Contains paracetamol.\*\* Do not take with other flu, cold or decongestant products. Do not take anything else containing paracetamol while taking this medicine. Do not take more medicine than the label tells you to. If you do not get better, talk to your doctor. Seek immediate medical advice if you take too much of this medicine even if you feel well.
\*Special Leaflet Warnings\*
Talk to a doctor at once if you take too much of this medicine even if you feel well, because of the risk of delayed, serious liver damage.4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Enzyme-inducing drugs may increase hepatic damage, as does excessive intake of alcohol. The speed of absorption of paracetamol may be increased by metoclopromide or domperidone and absorption reduced by colestyramine. These interactions are considered to be of unlikely clinical significance in acute use at the dosage regimen proposed.
Medical advice should be sought before taking paracetamol-caffeine phenylephrine in combination with the following drugs:
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Monoamine oxidase inhibitors\*\* \*\*(including moclobemide)\*\* | Hypertensive interactions occur between sympathomimetic amines such as phenylephrine and monoamine Oxidase inhibitors (see contraindications). |
| \*\*Sympathomimetic amines\*\* | Concomitant use of phenylephrine with other sympathomimetics amines can increase the risk of cardiovascular side effects (see warnings and precautions). |
| \*\*Beta-blockers and other antihypertensives (including debrisoquine, guanethidine, reserpine, methyldopa)\*\* | Phenylephrine may reduce the efficacy of beta-blocking drugs and antihypertensive drugs. The risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular side effects may be increased (see contraindications). |
| \*\*Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. amitriptyline)\*\* | May increase the risk of cardiovascular side effects with phenylephrine (see contraindications). |
| \*\*Digoxin and cardiac glycosides\*\* | Concimitant use of phenylephrine with digoxin or cardiac glycosides may increase the risk of irregular heartbeat or heart attack. |
| \*\*Ergot alkaloids\*\* (e.g. ergotamine and methylsergide) | Concomitant use of phenylephrine hydrochloride may cause an increased risk of ergotism \*(see Warnings and Precautions).\* |
| \*\*Warfarin and other coumarins\*\* | The anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other coumarins may be enhanced by prolonged regular daily use of paracetamol with an increased risk of bleeding; occasional doses have no significant effect. |
| \*\*Lithium\*\* | Caffeine can increase the elimination of lithium from the body. If taken concomitantly, it is recommended to reduce or moderate the intake of caffeine. |
| \*\*Flucloxacillin\*\* | Caution should be taken when paracetamol is used concomitantly with flucloxacillin as concurrent intake has been associated with high anion gap metabolic acidosis due to pyroglutamic acidosis, especially in patients with risks factors (see section 4.4). |4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
\*\*Pregnancy\*\*
This product is not recommended for use in pregnancy due to the phenylephrine and caffeine content. There is a potential increased risk of lower birth weight and spontaneous abortion associated with caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Pregnant women should seek medical advice before taking paracetamol.
\*\*Breast-feeding\*\*
This product should not be used while breast-feeding without medical advice. Avoid the use of the product during lactation, unless the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the infant. If used, the lowest effective dose and shortest duration of treatment should be considered.
Paracetamol is excreted in breast milk but not in a clinically significant amount at recommended dosages.
Caffeine in breast milk may have a stimulating effect on breast-fed infants but significant toxicity has not been observed.
Phenylephrine may be excreted in breast milk.4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Patients should be advised not to drive or operate machinery if affected by dizziness.4.8 Undesirable effects
Adverse events from historical clinical trial data are both infrequent and from small patient exposure. Accordingly, events reported from extensive post-marketing experience at therapeutic/labelled dose and considered attributable are tabulated below by system class. Due to limited clinical trial data, the frequency of these adverse events is not known (cannot be estimated from available data), but post-marketing experience indicates that adverse reactions to paracetamol are rare and serious reactions are very rare.
\*\*Paracetamol\*\*
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Body System\*\* | \*\*Undesirable effect\*\* |
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Thrombocytopenia Agranulocytosis These were not necessarily causally related to paracetamol. |
| Immune system disorders | Anaphylaxis Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions including skin rashes, angiodema Very rare cases of serious skin reactions have been reported. |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | High anion gap metabolic acidosis \\* (frequency not known) |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Bronchospasm\\*\\* |
| Hepatobiliary disorders | Hepatic dysfunction |
\\* Cases of high anion gap metabolic acidosis due to pyroglutamic acidosis have been observed in patients with risk factors using paracetamol (see section 4.4). Pyroglutamic acidosis may occur as a consequence of low glutathione levels in these patients.
\\*\\* There have been cases of bronchospasm with paracetamol, but these are more likely in asthmatics sensitive to aspirin or other NSAIDs.
\*\*Caffeine\*\*
Adverse reactions identified through post-marketing use with caffeine are listed below. The frequency of these reactions is unknown.
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Body System\*\* | \*\*Undesirable effect\*\* |
| Central Nervous system | excitability, dizziness and headache |
| Psychiatric disorders | Nervousness, insomnia, restlessness, anxiety and irritability |
| Cardiac disorders | Palpitations |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Gastrointestinal disturbances |
When the recommended paracetamol-caffeine dosing regimen is combined with dietary caffeine intake, the resulting higher dose of caffeine may increase the potential for caffeine-related adverse effects.
\*\*Phenylephrine\*\*
The following adverse events have been observed in clinical trials with phenylephrine and may therefore represent the most commonly occurring adverse events.
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Body System\*\* | \*\*Undesirable effect\*\* |
| Psychiatric disorders | Nervousness |
| Nervous system disorders | Headache, dizziness, insomnia |
| Cardiac disorders | Increased blood pressure |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Nausea, Vomiting, diarrhoea |
Adverse reactions identified during post-marketing use are listed below. The frequency of these reactions is unknown
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Body System\*\* | \*\*Undesirable effect\*\* |
| Immune system disorders | Hypersensitivity, allergic dermatitis, urticaria |
| Eye disorders | Mydriasis, acute angle closure glaucoma, most likely to occur in those with closed angle glaucoma |
| Cardiac disorders | Tachycardia, palpitations |
| Skin and subcutaneous disorders | Rash |
| Renal and urinary disorders | Dysuria, urinary retention. This is most likely to occur in those with bladder outlet obstruction, such as prostatic hypertrophy. |
\*\*Reporting of suspected adverse reactions\*\*
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continue monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reaction via the Yellow Card Scheme, www.mhra/gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.4.9 Overdose
\*\*Paracetamol\*\*
Paracetamol overdose may cause liver failure which may require liver transplant or lead to death.
Liver damage is possible in adults who have taken 10g or more of paracetamol. Ingestion of 5g or more of paracetamol may lead to liver damage if the patient has risk factors (see below).
\*\*Risk factors\*\*
If the patienta, Is on long term treatment with carbamazepine, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, primidone, rifampicin, St John's Wort or other drugs that induce liver enzymes.Orb, Regularly consumes ethanol in excess of recommended amounts.Orc, Is likely to be glutathione deplete e.g. eating disorders, cystic fibrosis, HIV infection, starvation, cachexia.
\*\*Symptoms and signs\*\*
Symptoms of paracetamol overdosage in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12 to 48 hours after ingestion and have peaked after 4-6 days. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur. In severe poisoning, hepatic failure may progress to encephalopathy, haemorrhage, hypoglycaemia, cerebral oedema, and death. Acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis, strongly suggested by loin pain, haematuria and proteinuria, may develop even in the absence of severe liver damage. Cardiac arrhythmias and pancreatitis have been reported.
\*\*Treatment\*\*
Immediate treatment is essential in the management of paracetamol overdose. Despite a lack of significant early symptoms, patients should be referred to hospital urgently for immediate medical attention. Symptoms may be limited to nausea or vomiting and may not reflect the severity of overdose or the risk of organ damage. Management should be in accordance with established treatment guidelines, see BNF overdose section.
Treatment with activated charcoal should be considered if the overdose has been taken within 1 hour. Plasma paracetamol concentration should be measured at 4 hours or later after ingestion (earlier concentrations are unreliable). Treatment with N-acetylcysteine may be used up to 24 hours after ingestion of paracetamol, however, the maximum protective effect is obtained up to 8 hours post-ingestion. The effectiveness of the antidote declines sharply after this time. If required the patient should be given intravenous N-acetylcysteine, in line with the established dosage schedule. If vomiting is not a problem, oral methionine may be a suitable alternative for remote areas, outside hospital. Management of patients who present with serious hepatic dysfunction beyond 24h from ingestion should be discussed with the NPIS or a liver unit. Acute pancreatitis has been observed, usually with hepatic dysfunction and liver toxicity.
\*\*Caffeine\*\*
\*\*Symptoms and signs\*\*
Overdose of caffeine may result in epigastric pain, vomiting, diurese, tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia, CNS stimulation (insomnia, restlessness, excitement, agitation, jitteriness, tremors and convulsions).
It must be noted that for clinically significant symptoms of caffeine overdose to occur with this product, the amount ingested would be associated with serious paracetamol-related liver toxicity.
\*\*Treatment\*\*
No specific antidote is available, but supportive measures such as beta adrenoceptor antagonists to reverse the cardiotoxic effects may be used.
\*\*Phenylephrine\*\*
\*\*Symptoms and signs\*\*
Phenylephrine overdosage is likely to result in effects similar to those listed under adverse reactions. Additional symptoms may include, irritability, restlessness, hypertension, and possibly reflex bradycardia. In severe cases confusion, hallucinations, seizures and arrhythmias may occur. However the amount required to produce serious phenylephrine toxicity would be greater than that required to cause paracetamol-related liver toxicity.
\*\*Treatment\*\*
Treatment should be as clinically appropriate. Severe hypertension may need to be treated with alpha blocking drugs such as phentolamine.
If overdose is confirmed or suspected, seek immediate advice from your Poison Centre and refer patient to nearest Emergency Medical Centre for management and expert treatment. This should happen even in patients without symptoms or signs of overdose due to the risk of delayed liver damage.
- Instruction Pharmacology
- 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Paracetamol is a well established analgesic and antipyretic.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride is a sympathomimetic agent with mainly direct effects on adrenergic receptors (predominantly alpha-adrenergic activity) producing nasal decongestion. Caffeine is the most active xanthine derivative in respect of stimulation of the central nervous system, producing a condition of wakefulness and increased mental activity.5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Paracetamol is metabolised by the hepatic microsomal enzymes. It is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. Plasma concentration reaches a peak in half to one hour, the plasma half-life is one to three hours and it is uniformly distributed throughout the body.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride is irregularly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. When injected intramuscularly it takes 10- \*1\* 5 minutes to act and subcutaneous and intramuscular injections are effective for about one hour. Intravenous injections are effective for about 20 minutes.
Caffeine is readily absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract.5.3 Preclinical safety data
Not applicable.
- Instruction Pharmaceutical Particulars
- 6.1 List of excipients
The caplets also contain: Starch Pregel, Maize Starch, Povidone, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Laurilsulfate, Sunset Yellow (E 110), Stearic Acid, Talc and Microcrystalline Cellulose.
The film coating consist of: Hypromellose, Macrogol 400, Titanium Dioxide, Sunset Yellow Aluminium Lake (E 110) and Quinoline Yellow Lake (E 104).6.2 Incompatibilities
None.6.3 Shelf life
24 months.6.4 Special precautions for storage
Store below 25°C in a dry place.6.5 Nature and contents of container
The caplets are packed into PVC 250 μm or 300 μm / aluminium foil 20 μm / 8 μm polyethylene terephthalate (PET) blisters in outer cardboard cartons, containing 8, 10 and 16, or in a cardboard/ PVC wallet containing 12 or 14 caplets.6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
None.
- Instruction Content
- ## Composition
Each caplet contains Paracetamol 500 mg, Caffeine 25 mg and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 5 mg.
Excipients with known effect:
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sodium Sunset Yellow | 0.06mg 0.62mg | (as sodium laurilsulfate) (E 110) |
For full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
## Pharmaceutical Form
Film coated tablet
## Clinical Particulars
4.1 Therapeutic indications
The product is recommended for the relief of sinus pain and the symptoms of colds and influenza, including fatigue and drowsiness.4.2 Posology and method of administration
Adults, children aged 16 years and over and the Elderly:
2 caplets every 4 to 6 hours as required . Do not take more than 8 caplets in 24 hours.
These doses should not be repeated more frequently than every four hours.
Do not take continuously for more than 7 days without medical advice
Do not exceed the stated dose.
Use the lowest amount needed to achieve benefit for the shortest duration of treatment.
Not recommended for children under the age of 16 years.4.3 Contraindications
Concomitant use of other sympathomimetic decongestants
Phaeochromocytoma
Closed angle glaucoma
Known hypersensitivity to paracetamol or any of the other constituents.
Hepatic or severe renal impairment, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, and heart disease. Patients taking tricyclic antidepressants, or beta-blocking drugs and those who are taking or who have taken within the last two weeks monoamine oxidase inhibitors (see section 4.5).4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Contains paracetamol. Patients should be advised not to take other paracetamol-containing products concurrently. The concomitant use with other products containing paracetamol may lead to an overdose. Paracetamol overdose may cause liver failure which may require liver transplant or lead to death. Concomitant use of other decongestants or cold and flu medicines should be avoided.
The hazard of overdose is greater in those with non-cirrhotic alcoholic liver disease. Underlying liver disease increases the risk of paracetamol-related liver damage.
Medical advice should be sought before using this product in patients with these conditions:
• An enlargement of the prostate gland
• Occlusive vascular disease (e.g. Raynaud's phenomenon)
• Cardiovascular disease
Cases of high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) due to pyroglutamic acidosis have been reported in patients with severe illness such as severe renal impairment and sepsis, or in patients with malnutrition or other sources of glutathione deficiency (e.g. chronic alcoholism) who were treated with paracetamol at therapeutic dose for a prolonged period or a combination of paracetamol and flucloxacillin. If HAGMA due to pyroglutamic acidosis is suspected, prompt discontinuation of paracetamol and close monitoring is recommended. The measurement of urinary 5-oxoproline may be useful to identify pyroglutamic acidosis as underlying cause of HAGMA in patients with multiple risk factors.
This product should not be used by patients taking other sympathomimetics (such as decongestants, appetite suppressants and amphetamine-like psychostimulants) (see interactions).
Excessive intake of caffeine (e.g. coffee, tea and some canned drinks) should be avoided while taking this product.
Do not exceed the stated dose.
If symptoms persist consult your doctor.
Keep out of the sight and reach of children.
Consult your doctor if you are taking warfarin.
Contain sunset yellow/ amaranth (E110) which may cause an allergic reaction.
\*Special Label Warnings\*
\*\*Contains paracetamol.\*\* Do not take with other flu, cold or decongestant products. Do not take anything else containing paracetamol while taking this medicine. Do not take more medicine than the label tells you to. If you do not get better, talk to your doctor. Seek immediate medical advice if you take too much of this medicine even if you feel well.
\*Special Leaflet Warnings\*
Talk to a doctor at once if you take too much of this medicine even if you feel well, because of the risk of delayed, serious liver damage.4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Enzyme-inducing drugs may increase hepatic damage, as does excessive intake of alcohol. The speed of absorption of paracetamol may be increased by metoclopromide or domperidone and absorption reduced by colestyramine. These interactions are considered to be of unlikely clinical significance in acute use at the dosage regimen proposed.
Medical advice should be sought before taking paracetamol-caffeine phenylephrine in combination with the following drugs:
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Monoamine oxidase inhibitors\*\* \*\*(including moclobemide)\*\* | Hypertensive interactions occur between sympathomimetic amines such as phenylephrine and monoamine Oxidase inhibitors (see contraindications). |
| \*\*Sympathomimetic amines\*\* | Concomitant use of phenylephrine with other sympathomimetics amines can increase the risk of cardiovascular side effects (see warnings and precautions). |
| \*\*Beta-blockers and other antihypertensives (including debrisoquine, guanethidine, reserpine, methyldopa)\*\* | Phenylephrine may reduce the efficacy of beta-blocking drugs and antihypertensive drugs. The risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular side effects may be increased (see contraindications). |
| \*\*Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. amitriptyline)\*\* | May increase the risk of cardiovascular side effects with phenylephrine (see contraindications). |
| \*\*Digoxin and cardiac glycosides\*\* | Concimitant use of phenylephrine with digoxin or cardiac glycosides may increase the risk of irregular heartbeat or heart attack. |
| \*\*Ergot alkaloids\*\* (e.g. ergotamine and methylsergide) | Concomitant use of phenylephrine hydrochloride may cause an increased risk of ergotism \*(see Warnings and Precautions).\* |
| \*\*Warfarin and other coumarins\*\* | The anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other coumarins may be enhanced by prolonged regular daily use of paracetamol with an increased risk of bleeding; occasional doses have no significant effect. |
| \*\*Lithium\*\* | Caffeine can increase the elimination of lithium from the body. If taken concomitantly, it is recommended to reduce or moderate the intake of caffeine. |
| \*\*Flucloxacillin\*\* | Caution should be taken when paracetamol is used concomitantly with flucloxacillin as concurrent intake has been associated with high anion gap metabolic acidosis due to pyroglutamic acidosis, especially in patients with risks factors (see section 4.4). |4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
\*\*Pregnancy\*\*
This product is not recommended for use in pregnancy due to the phenylephrine and caffeine content. There is a potential increased risk of lower birth weight and spontaneous abortion associated with caffeine consumption during pregnancy. Pregnant women should seek medical advice before taking paracetamol.
\*\*Breast-feeding\*\*
This product should not be used while breast-feeding without medical advice. Avoid the use of the product during lactation, unless the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the infant. If used, the lowest effective dose and shortest duration of treatment should be considered.
Paracetamol is excreted in breast milk but not in a clinically significant amount at recommended dosages.
Caffeine in breast milk may have a stimulating effect on breast-fed infants but significant toxicity has not been observed.
Phenylephrine may be excreted in breast milk.4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Patients should be advised not to drive or operate machinery if affected by dizziness.4.8 Undesirable effects
Adverse events from historical clinical trial data are both infrequent and from small patient exposure. Accordingly, events reported from extensive post-marketing experience at therapeutic/labelled dose and considered attributable are tabulated below by system class. Due to limited clinical trial data, the frequency of these adverse events is not known (cannot be estimated from available data), but post-marketing experience indicates that adverse reactions to paracetamol are rare and serious reactions are very rare.
\*\*Paracetamol\*\*
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Body System\*\* | \*\*Undesirable effect\*\* |
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Thrombocytopenia Agranulocytosis These were not necessarily causally related to paracetamol. |
| Immune system disorders | Anaphylaxis Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions including skin rashes, angiodema Very rare cases of serious skin reactions have been reported. |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | High anion gap metabolic acidosis \\* (frequency not known) |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Bronchospasm\\*\\* |
| Hepatobiliary disorders | Hepatic dysfunction |
\\* Cases of high anion gap metabolic acidosis due to pyroglutamic acidosis have been observed in patients with risk factors using paracetamol (see section 4.4). Pyroglutamic acidosis may occur as a consequence of low glutathione levels in these patients.
\\*\\* There have been cases of bronchospasm with paracetamol, but these are more likely in asthmatics sensitive to aspirin or other NSAIDs.
\*\*Caffeine\*\*
Adverse reactions identified through post-marketing use with caffeine are listed below. The frequency of these reactions is unknown.
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Body System\*\* | \*\*Undesirable effect\*\* |
| Central Nervous system | excitability, dizziness and headache |
| Psychiatric disorders | Nervousness, insomnia, restlessness, anxiety and irritability |
| Cardiac disorders | Palpitations |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Gastrointestinal disturbances |
When the recommended paracetamol-caffeine dosing regimen is combined with dietary caffeine intake, the resulting higher dose of caffeine may increase the potential for caffeine-related adverse effects.
\*\*Phenylephrine\*\*
The following adverse events have been observed in clinical trials with phenylephrine and may therefore represent the most commonly occurring adverse events.
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Body System\*\* | \*\*Undesirable effect\*\* |
| Psychiatric disorders | Nervousness |
| Nervous system disorders | Headache, dizziness, insomnia |
| Cardiac disorders | Increased blood pressure |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Nausea, Vomiting, diarrhoea |
Adverse reactions identified during post-marketing use are listed below. The frequency of these reactions is unknown
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*Body System\*\* | \*\*Undesirable effect\*\* |
| Immune system disorders | Hypersensitivity, allergic dermatitis, urticaria |
| Eye disorders | Mydriasis, acute angle closure glaucoma, most likely to occur in those with closed angle glaucoma |
| Cardiac disorders | Tachycardia, palpitations |
| Skin and subcutaneous disorders | Rash |
| Renal and urinary disorders | Dysuria, urinary retention. This is most likely to occur in those with bladder outlet obstruction, such as prostatic hypertrophy. |
\*\*Reporting of suspected adverse reactions\*\*
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continue monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reaction via the Yellow Card Scheme, www.mhra/gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.4.9 Overdose
\*\*Paracetamol\*\*
Paracetamol overdose may cause liver failure which may require liver transplant or lead to death.
Liver damage is possible in adults who have taken 10g or more of paracetamol. Ingestion of 5g or more of paracetamol may lead to liver damage if the patient has risk factors (see below).
\*\*Risk factors\*\*
If the patienta, Is on long term treatment with carbamazepine, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, primidone, rifampicin, St John's Wort or other drugs that induce liver enzymes.Orb, Regularly consumes ethanol in excess of recommended amounts.Orc, Is likely to be glutathione deplete e.g. eating disorders, cystic fibrosis, HIV infection, starvation, cachexia.
\*\*Symptoms and signs\*\*
Symptoms of paracetamol overdosage in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12 to 48 hours after ingestion and have peaked after 4-6 days. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur. In severe poisoning, hepatic failure may progress to encephalopathy, haemorrhage, hypoglycaemia, cerebral oedema, and death. Acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis, strongly suggested by loin pain, haematuria and proteinuria, may develop even in the absence of severe liver damage. Cardiac arrhythmias and pancreatitis have been reported.
\*\*Treatment\*\*
Immediate treatment is essential in the management of paracetamol overdose. Despite a lack of significant early symptoms, patients should be referred to hospital urgently for immediate medical attention. Symptoms may be limited to nausea or vomiting and may not reflect the severity of overdose or the risk of organ damage. Management should be in accordance with established treatment guidelines, see BNF overdose section.
Treatment with activated charcoal should be considered if the overdose has been taken within 1 hour. Plasma paracetamol concentration should be measured at 4 hours or later after ingestion (earlier concentrations are unreliable). Treatment with N-acetylcysteine may be used up to 24 hours after ingestion of paracetamol, however, the maximum protective effect is obtained up to 8 hours post-ingestion. The effectiveness of the antidote declines sharply after this time. If required the patient should be given intravenous N-acetylcysteine, in line with the established dosage schedule. If vomiting is not a problem, oral methionine may be a suitable alternative for remote areas, outside hospital. Management of patients who present with serious hepatic dysfunction beyond 24h from ingestion should be discussed with the NPIS or a liver unit. Acute pancreatitis has been observed, usually with hepatic dysfunction and liver toxicity.
\*\*Caffeine\*\*
\*\*Symptoms and signs\*\*
Overdose of caffeine may result in epigastric pain, vomiting, diurese, tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia, CNS stimulation (insomnia, restlessness, excitement, agitation, jitteriness, tremors and convulsions).
It must be noted that for clinically significant symptoms of caffeine overdose to occur with this product, the amount ingested would be associated with serious paracetamol-related liver toxicity.
\*\*Treatment\*\*
No specific antidote is available, but supportive measures such as beta adrenoceptor antagonists to reverse the cardiotoxic effects may be used.
\*\*Phenylephrine\*\*
\*\*Symptoms and signs\*\*
Phenylephrine overdosage is likely to result in effects similar to those listed under adverse reactions. Additional symptoms may include, irritability, restlessness, hypertension, and possibly reflex bradycardia. In severe cases confusion, hallucinations, seizures and arrhythmias may occur. However the amount required to produce serious phenylephrine toxicity would be greater than that required to cause paracetamol-related liver toxicity.
\*\*Treatment\*\*
Treatment should be as clinically appropriate. Severe hypertension may need to be treated with alpha blocking drugs such as phentolamine.
If overdose is confirmed or suspected, seek immediate advice from your Poison Centre and refer patient to nearest Emergency Medical Centre for management and expert treatment. This should happen even in patients without symptoms or signs of overdose due to the risk of delayed liver damage.
## Pharmacological Properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Paracetamol is a well established analgesic and antipyretic.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride is a sympathomimetic agent with mainly direct effects on adrenergic receptors (predominantly alpha-adrenergic activity) producing nasal decongestion. Caffeine is the most active xanthine derivative in respect of stimulation of the central nervous system, producing a condition of wakefulness and increased mental activity.5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Paracetamol is metabolised by the hepatic microsomal enzymes. It is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. Plasma concentration reaches a peak in half to one hour, the plasma half-life is one to three hours and it is uniformly distributed throughout the body.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride is irregularly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. When injected intramuscularly it takes 10- \*1\* 5 minutes to act and subcutaneous and intramuscular injections are effective for about one hour. Intravenous injections are effective for about 20 minutes.
Caffeine is readily absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract.5.3 Preclinical safety data
Not applicable.
## Pharmaceutical Particulars
6.1 List of excipients
The caplets also contain: Starch Pregel, Maize Starch, Povidone, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Laurilsulfate, Sunset Yellow (E 110), Stearic Acid, Talc and Microcrystalline Cellulose.
The film coating consist of: Hypromellose, Macrogol 400, Titanium Dioxide, Sunset Yellow Aluminium Lake (E 110) and Quinoline Yellow Lake (E 104).6.2 Incompatibilities
None.6.3 Shelf life
24 months.6.4 Special precautions for storage
Store below 25°C in a dry place.6.5 Nature and contents of container
The caplets are packed into PVC 250 μm or 300 μm / aluminium foil 20 μm / 8 μm polyethylene terephthalate (PET) blisters in outer cardboard cartons, containing 8, 10 and 16, or in a cardboard/ PVC wallet containing 12 or 14 caplets.6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
None.
