- Approval Id
- 2b326815298d0615
- Drug Approval Emc Name
- Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk 0.3 mg/ml + 5 mg/ml eye drops, solution in single-dose container
- Drug Name
- Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk 0.3 mg/ml + 5 mg/ml eye drops, solution in single-dose container
- Company Name
- Brown & Burk UK Ltd
- Company Address
- Brown & Burk UK Limited, Micro House, Bury Street, Ruislip, HA4 7TL, UK
- Company Website
- //www.bbukltd.com
- Company Telephone
- +44 (0)203 384 7188
- Company Medical Info Direct Line
- +44 (0)203 384 7188
- Company Medical Info Email
- pv@bbukltd.com
- Company Customer Care Direct Line
- +44 (0)203 384 7188
- Company Medical Info Fax
- +44 (0)208 588 5411
- Company Stock Availability
- +44 (0)203 384 7188
- Atc Code
- S01ED51
- Legal Category
- Prescription only medicine
- Authorisation Holder
- Brown & Burk UK Limited
Micro House
5 Marryat Close
Hounslow
TW4 5DQ
United Kingdom
- Authorisation Number
- PL 25298/0254
- Authorisation Date
- 03/03/2022
- Instruction Authorisation Holder
- Brown & Burk UK Limited
Micro House
5 Marryat Close
Hounslow
TW4 5DQ
United Kingdom
- Instruction Authorisation Number
- PL 25298/0254
- Instruction Authorisation Date
- 03/03/2022
- Instruction Composition
- One ml of solution contains 0.3 mg of bimatoprost and timolol maleate equivalent to 5 mg of timolol.
Excipient with known effect
This medicinal product contains 0.38 mg phosphates in each 0.4 ml of solution which is equivalent to 0.95 mg/ml.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
- Instruction Dosage Form
- Eye drops, solution, in single-dose container.
Clear colorless to slightly yellow solution.
pH: Between 6.80 and 7.50
Osmolality: Between 260 and 330 mOsmol/kg
- Instruction Clinical Particulars
- 4.1 Therapeutic indications
Reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in adult patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who are insufficiently responsive to topical beta-blockers or prostaglandin analogues.4.2 Posology and method of administration
Posology
\*Recommended dosage in adults (including older people)\*
The recommended dose is one drop of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk in the affected eye(s) once daily, administered either in the morning or in the evening. It should be administered at the same time each day.
Existing literature for Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk suggest that evening dosing may be more effective in IOP lowering than morning dosing. However, consideration should be given to the likelihood of compliance when considering either morning or evening dosing (see section 5.1).
The single-dose container is for single use only; one container is sufficient to treat both eyes. Any unused solution should be discarded immediately after use. If one dose is missed, treatment should continue with the next dose as planned. The dose should not exceed one drop in the affected eye(s) daily.
\*Renal and hepatic impairment\*
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk has not been studied in patients with hepatic or renal impairment. Therefore caution should be used in treating such patients.
\*Paediatric population\*
The safety and efficacy of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk in children aged less than 18 years has not been established. No data are available.
Method of administration
If more than one topical ophthalmic medicinal product is to be used, each one should be instilled at least 5 minutes apart.
When using nasolacrimal occlusion or closing the eyelids for 2 minutes, the systemic absorption is reduced. This may result in a decrease in systemic side effects and an increase in local activity.4.3 Contraindications
• Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1
• Reactive airway disease including bronchial asthma or a history of bronchial asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• Sinus bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome, sino-atrial block, second or third degree atrioventricular block, not controlled with pace-maker. Overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock.4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Like other topically applied ophthalmic medicinal products, the active substance as Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk may be absorbed systemically. No enhancement of the systemic absorption of the individual active substances has been observed. Due to the beta-adrenergic component, timolol, the same types of cardiovascular, pulmonary and other adverse reactions (ADRs) as seen with systemic beta-blockers may occur. Incidence of systemic ADRs after topical ophthalmic administration is lower than for systemic administration. To reduce the systemic absorption, see section 4.2.
Cardiac disorders:
Patients with cardiovascular diseases (e.g. coronary heart disease, Prinzmetal's angina and cardiac failure) and receiving hypotension therapy with beta-blockers should be critically assessed and therapy with other active substances should be considered.
Patients with cardiovascular diseases should be watched for signs of deterioration of these diseases and of adverse reactions.
Due to the negative effect on conduction time, beta-blockers should only be given with caution to patients with first degree heart block.
Vascular disorders:
Patients with severe peripheral circulatory disturbance/disorders (i.e. severe forms of Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's syndrome) should be treated with caution.
Respiratory disorders:
Respiratory reactions, including death due to bronchospasm in patients with asthma, have been reported following administration of some ophthalmic beta-blockers.
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk should be used with caution in patients with mild/moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and only if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk.
Endocrine disorders:
Beta-adrenergic blocking medicinal products should be administered with caution in patients subject to spontaneous hypoglycemia or in patients with labile diabetes as beta-blockers may mask the signs and symptoms of acute hypoglycemia.
Beta-blockers may also mask the signs of hyperthyroidism.
Corneal diseases:
Ophthalmic beta-blockers may induce dryness of eyes. Patients with corneal diseases should be treated with caution.
Other beta-blocking agents:
The effect on intra-ocular pressure or the known effects of systemic beta-blockade may be potentiated when timolol is given to patients already receiving a systemic beta-blocking agent. The response of these patients should be closely observed. The use of two topical beta-adrenergic blocking agents is not recommended (see section 4.5).
Anaphylactic reactions:
While taking beta-blockers, patients with a history of atopy or a history of severe anaphylactic reaction to a variety of allergens may be more reactive to repeated challenge with such allergens and unresponsive to the usual dose of adrenaline used to treat anaphylactic reactions.
Choroidal detachment:
Choroidal detachment has been reported with administration of aqueous suppressant therapy (e.g. timolol, acetazolamide) after filtration procedures.
Surgical anaesthesia:
Beta-blocking ophthalmological preparations may block systemic beta-agonist effects e.g. of adrenaline. The anaesthesiologist should be informed when the patient is receiving timolol.
Hepatic:
In patients with a history of mild liver disease or abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and/or bilirubin at baseline, bimatoprost eye drops had no adverse reactions on liver function over 24 months. There are no known adverse reactions of ocular timolol on liver function.
Ocular:
Before treatment is initiated, patients should be informed of the possibility of prostaglandin analogue periorbitopathy (PAP) and increased iris pigmentation, since these have been observed during treatment with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk. Some of these changes may be permanent, and may lead to impaired field of vision and differences in appearance between the eyes when only one eye is treated (see section 4.8).
Macular oedema, including cystoid macular oedema has been reported with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk. Therefore, Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk should be used with caution in aphakic patients, in pseudophakic patients with a torn posterior lens capsule, or in patients with known risk factors for macular oedema (e.g. intraocular surgery, retinal vein occlusions, ocular inflammatory disease and diabetic retinopathy).
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk should be used with caution in patients with active intraocular inflammation (e.g. uveitis) because the inflammation may be exacerbated.
Skin
There is a potential for hair growth to occur in areas where Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk solution comes repeatedly in contact with the skin surface. Thus, it is important to apply Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk as instructed and avoid it running onto the cheek or other skin areas.
Other conditions
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk has not been studied in patients with inflammatory ocular conditions, neovascular, inflammatory, angle-closure, congenital or narrow-angle glaucoma.
In studies of bimatoprost 0.3 mg/ml in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension, it has been shown that more frequent exposure of the eye to more than 1 dose of bimatoprost daily may decrease the IOP-lowering effect. Patients using Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk with other prostaglandin analogues should be monitored for changes to their intraocular pressure.
Excipients: This medicine contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per 0.3 mg/ml, that is to say essentially 'sodium-free'.4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
No specific interaction studies have been performed with the bimatoprost / timolol fixed combination.
There is a potential for additive effects resulting in hypotension, and/or marked bradycardia when ophthalmic beta-blocker solution is administered concomitantly with oral calcium channel blockers, guanethidine, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, parasympathomimetics, anti-arrhythmics (including amiodarone) and digitalis glycosides.
Potentiated systemic beta-blockade (e.g. decreased heart rate, depression) has been reported during combined treatment with CYP2D6 inhibitors (e.g. quinidine, fluoxetine, paroxetine) and timolol.
Mydriasis resulting from concomitant use of ophthalmic beta-blockers and adrenaline (epinephrine) has been reported occasionally.4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
There are no adequate data from the use of the bimatoprost / timolol fixed combination in pregnant women. Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary. To reduce the systemic absorption, see section 4.2.
\*Bimatoprost\*
No adequate clinical data in exposed pregnancies are available. Animal studies have shown reproductive toxicity at high maternotoxic doses (see section 5.3).
\*Timolol\*
Epidemiological studies have not revealed malformative effects but have shown a risk for intra uterine growth retardation when beta-blockers are administered by the oral route. In addition, signs and symptoms of beta-blockade (e.g. bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory distress and hypoglycaemia) have been observed in the neonate when beta-blockers have been administered until delivery. If Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk is administered until delivery, the neonate should be carefully monitored during the first days of life. Animal studies with timolol have shown reproductive toxicity at doses significantly higher than would be used in clinical practice (see section 5.3).
Breast-feeding
\*Timolol\*
Beta-blockers are excreted in breast milk. However, at therapeutic doses of timolol in eye drops it is not likely that sufficient amounts would be present in breast milk to produce clinical symptoms of beta-blockade in the infant. To reduce the systemic absorption, see section 4.2.
\*Bimatoprost\*
It is not known if bimatoprost is excreted in human breast milk but it is excreted in the milk of the lactating rat. Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk should not be used by breast-feeding women.
Fertility
There are no data on the effects of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk on human fertility.4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk has negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines. As with any topical ocular treatment, if transient blurred vision occurs at instillation, the patient should wait until the vision clears before driving or using machines.4.8 Undesirable effects
\*Summary of the safety profile\*
The adverse reactions reported in the clinical study using Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk were limited to those earlier reported for either of the single active substances bimatoprost or timolol. No new adverse reactions specific for Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose have been observed in clinical studies.
The majority of adverse reactions reported with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk were ocular, mild in severity and none were serious. Based on a 12-week study of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk administered once daily, the most commonly reported adverse reaction with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk was conjunctival hyperaemia (mostly trace to mild and thought to be of a non-inflammatory nature) in approximately 21% of patients and led to discontinuation in 1.4% of patients.
\*Tabulated list of adverse reactions\*
Table 1 presents the adverse reactions that were reported during clinical studies with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness) or in the post-marketing period.
The frequency of possible adverse reactions listed below is defined using the following convention:
| | |
| --- | --- |
| Very common | ≥ 1/10 |
| Common | ≥ 1/100 to <1/10 |
| Uncommon | ≥ 1/1,000 to <1/100 |
| Rare | ≥ 1/10,000 to <1/1,000 |
| Very rare | <1/10,000 |
| Not known | Frequency cannot be estimated from available data |
\*\*Table 1\*\*
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| \*\*System organ class\*\* | \*\*Frequency\*\* | \*\*Adverse reaction\*\* |
| Immune system disorders | Not known | Hypersensitivity reactions including signs or symptoms of allergic dermatitis, angioedema, eye allergy |
| Psychiatric disorders | Not known | Insomnia2, nightmare2 |
| Nervous system disorders | Common | Headache, |
| Not known | Dysgeusia2 , dizziness |
| Eye disorders | Very common | Conjunctival hyperaemia, Prostaglandin analogue periorbitopathy |
| Common | Punctuate keratitis, corneal erosion2, burning sensation2, conjunctival irritation1, eye pruritus, stinging sensation in the eye2, foreign body sensation, dry eye, erythema of eyelid, eye pain, photophobia, eye discharge, visual disturbance2, eyelid pruritus, visual acuity worsened2, blepharitis2, eyelid oedema, eye irritation, lacrimation increased, growth of eyelashes. |
| Uncommon | Iritis2, conjunctival oedema2, eyelid pain2, abnormal sensation in the eye1, asthenopia, trichiasis2, iris hyperpigmentation2, , eyelid retraction2, eyelash discolouration (darkening)1 . |
| Not known | Cystoid macular oedema2, eye swelling, vision blurred2, ocular discomfort |
| Cardiac disorders | Not known | Bradycardia |
| Vascular disorders | Not known | Hypertension |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Common | Rhinitis2 |
| Uncommon | Dyspnoea |
| Not known | Broncospasm (predominantly in patients with pre-existing bronchospastic disease)2, asthma |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Common | Blepharal pigmentation2, hirsutism2, skin hyperpigmentation (periocular). |
| Not known | Alopecia, skin discolouration (periocular) |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | Not known | fatigue |
1 adverse reactions only observed with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose formulation
2 adverse reactions only observed with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk multi-dose formulation
Description of selected adverse reactions
Prostaglandin analogue periorbitopathy (PAP)
Prostaglandin analogues including Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose formulation can induce periorbital lipodystrophic changes which can lead to deepening of the eyelid sulcus, ptosis, enophthalmos, eyelid retraction, involution of dermatochalasis and inferior scleral show. Changes are typically mild, can occur as early as one month after initiation of treatment with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose formulation, and may cause impaired field of vision even in the absence of patient recognition. PAP is also associated with periocular skin hyperpigmentation or discoloration and hypertrichosis. All changes have been noted to be partially or fully reversible upon discontinuation or switch to alternative treatments.
Iris hyperpigmentation
Increased iris pigmentation is likely to be permanent. The pigmentation change is due to increased melanin content in the melanocytes rather than to an increase in the number of melanocytes. The long-term effects of increased iris pigmentation are not known. Iris colour changes seen with ophthalmic administration of Bimatoprost may not be noticeable for several months to years. Typically, the brown pigmentation around the pupil spreads concentrically towards the periphery of the iris and the entire iris or parts become more brownish. Neither naevi nor freckles of the iris appear to be affected by the treatment. At 12 months, the incidence of iris hyperpigmentation with bimatoprost 0.1 mg/ml eye drops, solution was 0.5%. At 12 months, the incidence with bimatoprost 0.3 mg/ml eye drops, solution was 1.5% (see section 4.8 Table 2) and did not increase following 3 years treatment.
Like other topically applied ophthalmic drugs, Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk is absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption of timolol may cause similar undesirable effects as seen with systemic beta-blocking agents. The incidence of systemic ADRs after topical ophthalmic administration is lower than for systemic administration. To reduce the systemic absorption, see section 4.2.
Additional adverse reactions that have been seen with either of the active substances (bimatoprost or timolol), and may potentially occur also with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk are listed below in Table 2:
\*\*Table 2\*\*
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*System Organ Class\*\* | \*\*Adverse reaction\*\* |
| Immune system disorders | Systemic allergic reactions including anaphylaxis1 |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | Hypoglycaemia1 |
| Psychiatric disorders | Depression1 , memory loss1,,hallucination1 |
| Nervous system disorders | Syncope1, cerebrovascular accident1, increase in signs and symptoms of myasthenia gravis1, paraesthesia1, cerebral ischaemia1 |
| Eye disorders | Decreased corneal sensitivity1, diplopia1, ptosis1, choroidal detachment following filtration surgery (see section 4.4)1, keratitis1, blepharospasm2, retinal haemorrhage2, uveitis2 |
| Cardiac disorder | Atrioventricular block1, cardiac arrest1 , arrhythmia1, cardiac failure1, congestive heart failure1, chest pain1, palpitations1, oedema1 |
| Vascular disorders | Hypotension1, Raynaud's phenomenon1, cold hands and feet1 |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Asthma exacerbation2, COPD excerbation2, cough1 |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Nausea1,2 , diarrhoea1, dyspepsia1, dry mouth1, abdominal pain1, vomiting1 |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Psoriasiform rash1, or exacerbation of psoriasis1, skin rash1 |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Myalgia1 |
| Reproductive system and breast disorders | Sexual dysfunction1, decreased libido1 |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | Asthenia1,2 |
| Investigations | Liver function tests (LFT) abnormal2 |
1 adverse reactions observed with timolol
2 adverse reactions observed with bimatoprost
Adverse reactions reported in phosphate containing eye drops
Cases of corneal calcification have been reported very rarely in association with the use of phosphate containing eye drops in some patients with significantly damaged corneas.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.4.9 Overdose
A topical overdose with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk is not likely to occur or to be associated with toxicity.
Bimatoprost
If Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk is accidentally ingested, the following information may be useful: in 2-week oral mice and rats studies, doses of bimatoprost up to 100 mg/kg/day did not produce any toxicity; this corresponds to a human equivalent dose of 8.1 and 16.2 mg/kg, respectively. These doses are at least 7.5 times higher than the amount of bimatoprost in an accidental dose of the entire contents of a carton of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (90 single-dose containers x 0.4 mL; 36 mL) in a 10 kg child [(36 mL\\*0.3 mg/mL bimatoprost)/10 kg; 1.08 mg/kg].
Timolol
Symptoms of systemic timolol overdose include: bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, and cardiac arrest. A study of patients with renal failure showed that timolol did not dialyse readily.
If overdose occurs treatment should be symptomatic and supportive.
- Instruction Pharmacology
- 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Ophthalmological, beta-blocking agents – ATC code:S01ED51.
Mechanism of action
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk consists of two active substances: Bimatoprost and Timolol. These two components decrease elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) by complementary mechanisms of action and the combined effect results in additional IOP reduction compared to either compound administered alone.
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk has a rapid onset of action.
Bimatoprost is a potent ocular hypotensive active substance. It is a synthetic prostamide, structurally related to prostaglandin F2α (PG F2α ) that does not act through any known prostaglandin receptors. Bimatoprost selectively mimics the effects of newly discovered biosynthesised substances called prostamides. The prostamide receptor, however, has not yet been structurally identified. The mechanism of action by which bimatoprost reduces intraocular pressure in man is by increasing aqueous humour outflow through the trabecular meshwork and enhancing uveoscleral outflow.
Timolol is a beta1 and beta 2 non-selective adrenergic receptor blocking agent that does not have significant intrinsic sympathomimetic, direct myocardial depressant, or local anaesthetic (membrane-stabilising) activity. Timolol lowers IOP by reducing aqueous humour formation. The precise mechanism of action is not clearly established, but inhibition of the increased cyclic AMP synthesis caused by endogenous beta-adrenergic stimulation is probable.
Clinical effects
A 12-week (double-masked, randomized, parallel group) clinical study compared the efficacy and safety of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (multi-dose formulation) in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose achieved noninferior IOP-lowering efficacy to Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (multi-dose formulation): the upper limit of the 95% CI of the between-treatment difference was within the pre-defined 1.5 mm Hg margin at each timepoint evaluated (hours 0, 2, and 8) at week 12 (for the primary analysis), and also at weeks 2 and 6, for mean worse eye IOP change from baseline (worse eye IOP refers to the eye with the higher mean diurnal IOP at baseline). In fact, the upper limit of the 95% CI did not exceed 0.14 mm Hg at week 12.
Both treatment groups showed statistically and clinically significant mean decreases from baseline in worse eye IOP at all follow up timepoints throughout the study (p < 0.001). Mean changes from baseline worse eye IOP ranged from -9.16 to -7.98 mm Hg for Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (single-dose) group, and from -9.03 to - 7.72 mm Hg for the Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (multi-dose formulation) group across the 12-week study.
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose also achieved equivalent IOP- lowering efficacy to Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (multi-dose formulation) in average eye and worse eye IOP at each follow-up timepoint at weeks 2, 6 and 12.
Based on studies of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (multi-dose formulation), the IOP-lowering effect of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk is non-inferior to that achieved by adjunctive therapy of bimatoprost (once daily) and timolol (twice daily).
Existing literature data for Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk suggest that evening dosing may be more effective in IOP lowering than morning dosing. However, consideration should be given to the likelihood of compliance when considering either morning or evening dosing.
Paediatric population
The safety and efficacy of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk in children aged less than 18 years has not been established.5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk medicinal product
Plasma bimatoprost and timolol concentrations were determined in a crossover study comparing the monotherapy treatments to Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk treatment in healthy subjects. Systemic absorption of the individual components was minimal and not affected by co-administration in a single formulation.
In two 12-months studies where systemic absorption was measured, no accumulation was observed of either of the individual components.
Bimatoprost
Bimatoprost penetrates the human cornea and sclera well in \*vitro\*. After ocular administration, the systemic exposure of bimatoprost is very low with no accumulation over time. After once daily ocular administration of one drop of 0.03% bimatoprost to both eyes for two weeks, blood concentrations peaked within 10 minutes after dosing and declined to below the lower limit of detection (0.025 ng/ml) within 1.5 hours after dosing. Mean Cmax and AUC0-24 hrs values were similar on days 7 and 14 at approximately 0.08 ng/ml and 0.09 ng\\*hr/ml respectively, indicating that a steady drug concentration was reached during the first week of ocular dosing.
Bimatoprost is moderately distributed into body tissues and the systemic volume of distribution in humans at steady-state was 0.67 1/kg. In human blood, bimatoprost resides mainly in the plasma. The plasma protein binding of bimatoprost is approximately 88%.
Bimatoprost is the major circulating species in the blood once it reaches the systemic circulation following ocular dosing. Bimatoprost then undergoes oxidation, N- deethylation and glucuronidation to form a diverse variety of metabolites.
Bimatoprost is eliminated primarily by renal excretion, up to 67% of an intravenous dose administered to healthy volunteers was excreted in the urine, 25% of the dose was excreted via the faeces. The elimination half-life, determined after intravenous administration, was approximately 45 minutes; the total blood clearance was 1.5 1/hr/kg.
Characteristics in older people
After twice daily dosing of bimatoprost 0.3 mg/ml, the mean AUC0-24hrs value of 0.0634 ng\\*hr/ml bimatoprost in the elderly (subjects 65 years or older) were significantly higher than 0.0218 ng\\*hr/ml in young healthy adults. However, this finding is not clinically relevant as systemic exposure for both elderly and young subjects remained very low from ocular dosing. There was no accumulation of bimatoprost in the blood over time and the safety profile was similar in elderly and young patients.
Timolol
After ocular administration of a 0.5% eye drops solution in humans undergoing cataract surgery, peak timolol concentration was 898 ng/ml in the aqueous humour at one hour post-dose. Part of the dose is absorbed systemically where it is extensively metabolised in liver. The half-life of timolol in plasma is about 4 to 6 hours. Timolol is partially metabolised by the liver with timolol and its metabolites excreted by the kidney. Timolol is not extensively bound to plasma.5.3 Preclinical safety data
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk medicinal product
Repeated dose ocular toxicity studies of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk showed no special hazard for humans. The ocular and systemic safety profile of the individual components is well established.
Bimatoprost
Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential. Studies in rodents produced species-specific abortion at systemic exposure levels 33- to 97- times that achieved in humans after ocular administration.
Monkeys administered ocular bimatoprost concentrations of 0.03% daily for one ≥ year had an increase in iris pigmentation and reversible dose-related periocular effects characterised by a prominent upper and/or lower sulcus and widening of the palpebral fissure. The increased iris pigmentation appears to be caused by increased stimulation of melanin production in melanocytes and not by an increase in melanocyte number. No functional or microscopic changes related to the periocular effects have been observed, and the mechanism of action for the periocular changes is unknown.
Timolol
Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, toxicity to reproduction.
- Instruction Pharmaceutical Particulars
- 6.1 List of excipients
Sodium chloride
Disodium phosphate heptahydrate E339
Citric acid monohydrate E330
Hydrochloric acid E507 or sodium hydroxide E524 (to adjust pH)
Water for Injection6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable.6.3 Shelf life
2 years.
Once the single-dose container is removed from the pouch use within 7 days. All single-dose containers should be kept in the pouch and discarded after 7 days from the first opening of the pouch.
Keep the single-dose containers in the pouch and place the pouch back in carton in order to protect against light and evaporation.6.4 Special precautions for storage
This medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions.
For storage conditions after first opening of the pouch, see section 6.3.6.5 Nature and contents of container
Natural translucent low density polyethylene (LDPE) single-dose containers
Each single-dose container contains 0.4 ml solution. 5 single-dose containers are packaged in a sealed Alu pouch.
Pack sizes:
30 x 0.4 mL (6 pouches with 5 single-dose containers each) in a carton
60 x 0.4 mL (12 pouches with 5 single-dose containers each) in a carton
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
No special requirements.
- Instruction Content
- ## Composition
One ml of solution contains 0.3 mg of bimatoprost and timolol maleate equivalent to 5 mg of timolol.
Excipient with known effect
This medicinal product contains 0.38 mg phosphates in each 0.4 ml of solution which is equivalent to 0.95 mg/ml.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
## Pharmaceutical Form
Eye drops, solution, in single-dose container.
Clear colorless to slightly yellow solution.
pH: Between 6.80 and 7.50
Osmolality: Between 260 and 330 mOsmol/kg
## Clinical Particulars
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in adult patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who are insufficiently responsive to topical beta-blockers or prostaglandin analogues.4.2 Posology and method of administration
Posology
\*Recommended dosage in adults (including older people)\*
The recommended dose is one drop of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk in the affected eye(s) once daily, administered either in the morning or in the evening. It should be administered at the same time each day.
Existing literature for Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk suggest that evening dosing may be more effective in IOP lowering than morning dosing. However, consideration should be given to the likelihood of compliance when considering either morning or evening dosing (see section 5.1).
The single-dose container is for single use only; one container is sufficient to treat both eyes. Any unused solution should be discarded immediately after use. If one dose is missed, treatment should continue with the next dose as planned. The dose should not exceed one drop in the affected eye(s) daily.
\*Renal and hepatic impairment\*
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk has not been studied in patients with hepatic or renal impairment. Therefore caution should be used in treating such patients.
\*Paediatric population\*
The safety and efficacy of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk in children aged less than 18 years has not been established. No data are available.
Method of administration
If more than one topical ophthalmic medicinal product is to be used, each one should be instilled at least 5 minutes apart.
When using nasolacrimal occlusion or closing the eyelids for 2 minutes, the systemic absorption is reduced. This may result in a decrease in systemic side effects and an increase in local activity.4.3 Contraindications
• Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1
• Reactive airway disease including bronchial asthma or a history of bronchial asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• Sinus bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome, sino-atrial block, second or third degree atrioventricular block, not controlled with pace-maker. Overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock.4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Like other topically applied ophthalmic medicinal products, the active substance as Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk may be absorbed systemically. No enhancement of the systemic absorption of the individual active substances has been observed. Due to the beta-adrenergic component, timolol, the same types of cardiovascular, pulmonary and other adverse reactions (ADRs) as seen with systemic beta-blockers may occur. Incidence of systemic ADRs after topical ophthalmic administration is lower than for systemic administration. To reduce the systemic absorption, see section 4.2.
Cardiac disorders:
Patients with cardiovascular diseases (e.g. coronary heart disease, Prinzmetal's angina and cardiac failure) and receiving hypotension therapy with beta-blockers should be critically assessed and therapy with other active substances should be considered.
Patients with cardiovascular diseases should be watched for signs of deterioration of these diseases and of adverse reactions.
Due to the negative effect on conduction time, beta-blockers should only be given with caution to patients with first degree heart block.
Vascular disorders:
Patients with severe peripheral circulatory disturbance/disorders (i.e. severe forms of Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's syndrome) should be treated with caution.
Respiratory disorders:
Respiratory reactions, including death due to bronchospasm in patients with asthma, have been reported following administration of some ophthalmic beta-blockers.
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk should be used with caution in patients with mild/moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and only if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk.
Endocrine disorders:
Beta-adrenergic blocking medicinal products should be administered with caution in patients subject to spontaneous hypoglycemia or in patients with labile diabetes as beta-blockers may mask the signs and symptoms of acute hypoglycemia.
Beta-blockers may also mask the signs of hyperthyroidism.
Corneal diseases:
Ophthalmic beta-blockers may induce dryness of eyes. Patients with corneal diseases should be treated with caution.
Other beta-blocking agents:
The effect on intra-ocular pressure or the known effects of systemic beta-blockade may be potentiated when timolol is given to patients already receiving a systemic beta-blocking agent. The response of these patients should be closely observed. The use of two topical beta-adrenergic blocking agents is not recommended (see section 4.5).
Anaphylactic reactions:
While taking beta-blockers, patients with a history of atopy or a history of severe anaphylactic reaction to a variety of allergens may be more reactive to repeated challenge with such allergens and unresponsive to the usual dose of adrenaline used to treat anaphylactic reactions.
Choroidal detachment:
Choroidal detachment has been reported with administration of aqueous suppressant therapy (e.g. timolol, acetazolamide) after filtration procedures.
Surgical anaesthesia:
Beta-blocking ophthalmological preparations may block systemic beta-agonist effects e.g. of adrenaline. The anaesthesiologist should be informed when the patient is receiving timolol.
Hepatic:
In patients with a history of mild liver disease or abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and/or bilirubin at baseline, bimatoprost eye drops had no adverse reactions on liver function over 24 months. There are no known adverse reactions of ocular timolol on liver function.
Ocular:
Before treatment is initiated, patients should be informed of the possibility of prostaglandin analogue periorbitopathy (PAP) and increased iris pigmentation, since these have been observed during treatment with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk. Some of these changes may be permanent, and may lead to impaired field of vision and differences in appearance between the eyes when only one eye is treated (see section 4.8).
Macular oedema, including cystoid macular oedema has been reported with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk. Therefore, Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk should be used with caution in aphakic patients, in pseudophakic patients with a torn posterior lens capsule, or in patients with known risk factors for macular oedema (e.g. intraocular surgery, retinal vein occlusions, ocular inflammatory disease and diabetic retinopathy).
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk should be used with caution in patients with active intraocular inflammation (e.g. uveitis) because the inflammation may be exacerbated.
Skin
There is a potential for hair growth to occur in areas where Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk solution comes repeatedly in contact with the skin surface. Thus, it is important to apply Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk as instructed and avoid it running onto the cheek or other skin areas.
Other conditions
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk has not been studied in patients with inflammatory ocular conditions, neovascular, inflammatory, angle-closure, congenital or narrow-angle glaucoma.
In studies of bimatoprost 0.3 mg/ml in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension, it has been shown that more frequent exposure of the eye to more than 1 dose of bimatoprost daily may decrease the IOP-lowering effect. Patients using Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk with other prostaglandin analogues should be monitored for changes to their intraocular pressure.
Excipients: This medicine contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per 0.3 mg/ml, that is to say essentially 'sodium-free'.4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
No specific interaction studies have been performed with the bimatoprost / timolol fixed combination.
There is a potential for additive effects resulting in hypotension, and/or marked bradycardia when ophthalmic beta-blocker solution is administered concomitantly with oral calcium channel blockers, guanethidine, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, parasympathomimetics, anti-arrhythmics (including amiodarone) and digitalis glycosides.
Potentiated systemic beta-blockade (e.g. decreased heart rate, depression) has been reported during combined treatment with CYP2D6 inhibitors (e.g. quinidine, fluoxetine, paroxetine) and timolol.
Mydriasis resulting from concomitant use of ophthalmic beta-blockers and adrenaline (epinephrine) has been reported occasionally.4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
There are no adequate data from the use of the bimatoprost / timolol fixed combination in pregnant women. Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary. To reduce the systemic absorption, see section 4.2.
\*Bimatoprost\*
No adequate clinical data in exposed pregnancies are available. Animal studies have shown reproductive toxicity at high maternotoxic doses (see section 5.3).
\*Timolol\*
Epidemiological studies have not revealed malformative effects but have shown a risk for intra uterine growth retardation when beta-blockers are administered by the oral route. In addition, signs and symptoms of beta-blockade (e.g. bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory distress and hypoglycaemia) have been observed in the neonate when beta-blockers have been administered until delivery. If Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk is administered until delivery, the neonate should be carefully monitored during the first days of life. Animal studies with timolol have shown reproductive toxicity at doses significantly higher than would be used in clinical practice (see section 5.3).
Breast-feeding
\*Timolol\*
Beta-blockers are excreted in breast milk. However, at therapeutic doses of timolol in eye drops it is not likely that sufficient amounts would be present in breast milk to produce clinical symptoms of beta-blockade in the infant. To reduce the systemic absorption, see section 4.2.
\*Bimatoprost\*
It is not known if bimatoprost is excreted in human breast milk but it is excreted in the milk of the lactating rat. Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk should not be used by breast-feeding women.
Fertility
There are no data on the effects of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk on human fertility.4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk has negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines. As with any topical ocular treatment, if transient blurred vision occurs at instillation, the patient should wait until the vision clears before driving or using machines.4.8 Undesirable effects
\*Summary of the safety profile\*
The adverse reactions reported in the clinical study using Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk were limited to those earlier reported for either of the single active substances bimatoprost or timolol. No new adverse reactions specific for Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose have been observed in clinical studies.
The majority of adverse reactions reported with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk were ocular, mild in severity and none were serious. Based on a 12-week study of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk administered once daily, the most commonly reported adverse reaction with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk was conjunctival hyperaemia (mostly trace to mild and thought to be of a non-inflammatory nature) in approximately 21% of patients and led to discontinuation in 1.4% of patients.
\*Tabulated list of adverse reactions\*
Table 1 presents the adverse reactions that were reported during clinical studies with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness) or in the post-marketing period.
The frequency of possible adverse reactions listed below is defined using the following convention:
| | |
| --- | --- |
| Very common | ≥ 1/10 |
| Common | ≥ 1/100 to <1/10 |
| Uncommon | ≥ 1/1,000 to <1/100 |
| Rare | ≥ 1/10,000 to <1/1,000 |
| Very rare | <1/10,000 |
| Not known | Frequency cannot be estimated from available data |
\*\*Table 1\*\*
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| \*\*System organ class\*\* | \*\*Frequency\*\* | \*\*Adverse reaction\*\* |
| Immune system disorders | Not known | Hypersensitivity reactions including signs or symptoms of allergic dermatitis, angioedema, eye allergy |
| Psychiatric disorders | Not known | Insomnia2, nightmare2 |
| Nervous system disorders | Common | Headache, |
| Not known | Dysgeusia2 , dizziness |
| Eye disorders | Very common | Conjunctival hyperaemia, Prostaglandin analogue periorbitopathy |
| Common | Punctuate keratitis, corneal erosion2, burning sensation2, conjunctival irritation1, eye pruritus, stinging sensation in the eye2, foreign body sensation, dry eye, erythema of eyelid, eye pain, photophobia, eye discharge, visual disturbance2, eyelid pruritus, visual acuity worsened2, blepharitis2, eyelid oedema, eye irritation, lacrimation increased, growth of eyelashes. |
| Uncommon | Iritis2, conjunctival oedema2, eyelid pain2, abnormal sensation in the eye1, asthenopia, trichiasis2, iris hyperpigmentation2, , eyelid retraction2, eyelash discolouration (darkening)1 . |
| Not known | Cystoid macular oedema2, eye swelling, vision blurred2, ocular discomfort |
| Cardiac disorders | Not known | Bradycardia |
| Vascular disorders | Not known | Hypertension |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Common | Rhinitis2 |
| Uncommon | Dyspnoea |
| Not known | Broncospasm (predominantly in patients with pre-existing bronchospastic disease)2, asthma |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Common | Blepharal pigmentation2, hirsutism2, skin hyperpigmentation (periocular). |
| Not known | Alopecia, skin discolouration (periocular) |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | Not known | fatigue |
1 adverse reactions only observed with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose formulation
2 adverse reactions only observed with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk multi-dose formulation
Description of selected adverse reactions
Prostaglandin analogue periorbitopathy (PAP)
Prostaglandin analogues including Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose formulation can induce periorbital lipodystrophic changes which can lead to deepening of the eyelid sulcus, ptosis, enophthalmos, eyelid retraction, involution of dermatochalasis and inferior scleral show. Changes are typically mild, can occur as early as one month after initiation of treatment with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose formulation, and may cause impaired field of vision even in the absence of patient recognition. PAP is also associated with periocular skin hyperpigmentation or discoloration and hypertrichosis. All changes have been noted to be partially or fully reversible upon discontinuation or switch to alternative treatments.
Iris hyperpigmentation
Increased iris pigmentation is likely to be permanent. The pigmentation change is due to increased melanin content in the melanocytes rather than to an increase in the number of melanocytes. The long-term effects of increased iris pigmentation are not known. Iris colour changes seen with ophthalmic administration of Bimatoprost may not be noticeable for several months to years. Typically, the brown pigmentation around the pupil spreads concentrically towards the periphery of the iris and the entire iris or parts become more brownish. Neither naevi nor freckles of the iris appear to be affected by the treatment. At 12 months, the incidence of iris hyperpigmentation with bimatoprost 0.1 mg/ml eye drops, solution was 0.5%. At 12 months, the incidence with bimatoprost 0.3 mg/ml eye drops, solution was 1.5% (see section 4.8 Table 2) and did not increase following 3 years treatment.
Like other topically applied ophthalmic drugs, Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk is absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption of timolol may cause similar undesirable effects as seen with systemic beta-blocking agents. The incidence of systemic ADRs after topical ophthalmic administration is lower than for systemic administration. To reduce the systemic absorption, see section 4.2.
Additional adverse reactions that have been seen with either of the active substances (bimatoprost or timolol), and may potentially occur also with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk are listed below in Table 2:
\*\*Table 2\*\*
| | |
| --- | --- |
| \*\*System Organ Class\*\* | \*\*Adverse reaction\*\* |
| Immune system disorders | Systemic allergic reactions including anaphylaxis1 |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | Hypoglycaemia1 |
| Psychiatric disorders | Depression1 , memory loss1,,hallucination1 |
| Nervous system disorders | Syncope1, cerebrovascular accident1, increase in signs and symptoms of myasthenia gravis1, paraesthesia1, cerebral ischaemia1 |
| Eye disorders | Decreased corneal sensitivity1, diplopia1, ptosis1, choroidal detachment following filtration surgery (see section 4.4)1, keratitis1, blepharospasm2, retinal haemorrhage2, uveitis2 |
| Cardiac disorder | Atrioventricular block1, cardiac arrest1 , arrhythmia1, cardiac failure1, congestive heart failure1, chest pain1, palpitations1, oedema1 |
| Vascular disorders | Hypotension1, Raynaud's phenomenon1, cold hands and feet1 |
| Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Asthma exacerbation2, COPD excerbation2, cough1 |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | Nausea1,2 , diarrhoea1, dyspepsia1, dry mouth1, abdominal pain1, vomiting1 |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Psoriasiform rash1, or exacerbation of psoriasis1, skin rash1 |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Myalgia1 |
| Reproductive system and breast disorders | Sexual dysfunction1, decreased libido1 |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | Asthenia1,2 |
| Investigations | Liver function tests (LFT) abnormal2 |
1 adverse reactions observed with timolol
2 adverse reactions observed with bimatoprost
Adverse reactions reported in phosphate containing eye drops
Cases of corneal calcification have been reported very rarely in association with the use of phosphate containing eye drops in some patients with significantly damaged corneas.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.4.9 Overdose
A topical overdose with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk is not likely to occur or to be associated with toxicity.
Bimatoprost
If Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk is accidentally ingested, the following information may be useful: in 2-week oral mice and rats studies, doses of bimatoprost up to 100 mg/kg/day did not produce any toxicity; this corresponds to a human equivalent dose of 8.1 and 16.2 mg/kg, respectively. These doses are at least 7.5 times higher than the amount of bimatoprost in an accidental dose of the entire contents of a carton of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (90 single-dose containers x 0.4 mL; 36 mL) in a 10 kg child [(36 mL\\*0.3 mg/mL bimatoprost)/10 kg; 1.08 mg/kg].
Timolol
Symptoms of systemic timolol overdose include: bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, and cardiac arrest. A study of patients with renal failure showed that timolol did not dialyse readily.
If overdose occurs treatment should be symptomatic and supportive.
## Pharmacological Properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Ophthalmological, beta-blocking agents – ATC code:S01ED51.
Mechanism of action
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk consists of two active substances: Bimatoprost and Timolol. These two components decrease elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) by complementary mechanisms of action and the combined effect results in additional IOP reduction compared to either compound administered alone.
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk has a rapid onset of action.
Bimatoprost is a potent ocular hypotensive active substance. It is a synthetic prostamide, structurally related to prostaglandin F2α (PG F2α ) that does not act through any known prostaglandin receptors. Bimatoprost selectively mimics the effects of newly discovered biosynthesised substances called prostamides. The prostamide receptor, however, has not yet been structurally identified. The mechanism of action by which bimatoprost reduces intraocular pressure in man is by increasing aqueous humour outflow through the trabecular meshwork and enhancing uveoscleral outflow.
Timolol is a beta1 and beta 2 non-selective adrenergic receptor blocking agent that does not have significant intrinsic sympathomimetic, direct myocardial depressant, or local anaesthetic (membrane-stabilising) activity. Timolol lowers IOP by reducing aqueous humour formation. The precise mechanism of action is not clearly established, but inhibition of the increased cyclic AMP synthesis caused by endogenous beta-adrenergic stimulation is probable.
Clinical effects
A 12-week (double-masked, randomized, parallel group) clinical study compared the efficacy and safety of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose with Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (multi-dose formulation) in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose achieved noninferior IOP-lowering efficacy to Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (multi-dose formulation): the upper limit of the 95% CI of the between-treatment difference was within the pre-defined 1.5 mm Hg margin at each timepoint evaluated (hours 0, 2, and 8) at week 12 (for the primary analysis), and also at weeks 2 and 6, for mean worse eye IOP change from baseline (worse eye IOP refers to the eye with the higher mean diurnal IOP at baseline). In fact, the upper limit of the 95% CI did not exceed 0.14 mm Hg at week 12.
Both treatment groups showed statistically and clinically significant mean decreases from baseline in worse eye IOP at all follow up timepoints throughout the study (p < 0.001). Mean changes from baseline worse eye IOP ranged from -9.16 to -7.98 mm Hg for Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (single-dose) group, and from -9.03 to - 7.72 mm Hg for the Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (multi-dose formulation) group across the 12-week study.
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk single-dose also achieved equivalent IOP- lowering efficacy to Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (multi-dose formulation) in average eye and worse eye IOP at each follow-up timepoint at weeks 2, 6 and 12.
Based on studies of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk (multi-dose formulation), the IOP-lowering effect of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk is non-inferior to that achieved by adjunctive therapy of bimatoprost (once daily) and timolol (twice daily).
Existing literature data for Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk suggest that evening dosing may be more effective in IOP lowering than morning dosing. However, consideration should be given to the likelihood of compliance when considering either morning or evening dosing.
Paediatric population
The safety and efficacy of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk in children aged less than 18 years has not been established.5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk medicinal product
Plasma bimatoprost and timolol concentrations were determined in a crossover study comparing the monotherapy treatments to Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk treatment in healthy subjects. Systemic absorption of the individual components was minimal and not affected by co-administration in a single formulation.
In two 12-months studies where systemic absorption was measured, no accumulation was observed of either of the individual components.
Bimatoprost
Bimatoprost penetrates the human cornea and sclera well in \*vitro\*. After ocular administration, the systemic exposure of bimatoprost is very low with no accumulation over time. After once daily ocular administration of one drop of 0.03% bimatoprost to both eyes for two weeks, blood concentrations peaked within 10 minutes after dosing and declined to below the lower limit of detection (0.025 ng/ml) within 1.5 hours after dosing. Mean Cmax and AUC0-24 hrs values were similar on days 7 and 14 at approximately 0.08 ng/ml and 0.09 ng\\*hr/ml respectively, indicating that a steady drug concentration was reached during the first week of ocular dosing.
Bimatoprost is moderately distributed into body tissues and the systemic volume of distribution in humans at steady-state was 0.67 1/kg. In human blood, bimatoprost resides mainly in the plasma. The plasma protein binding of bimatoprost is approximately 88%.
Bimatoprost is the major circulating species in the blood once it reaches the systemic circulation following ocular dosing. Bimatoprost then undergoes oxidation, N- deethylation and glucuronidation to form a diverse variety of metabolites.
Bimatoprost is eliminated primarily by renal excretion, up to 67% of an intravenous dose administered to healthy volunteers was excreted in the urine, 25% of the dose was excreted via the faeces. The elimination half-life, determined after intravenous administration, was approximately 45 minutes; the total blood clearance was 1.5 1/hr/kg.
Characteristics in older people
After twice daily dosing of bimatoprost 0.3 mg/ml, the mean AUC0-24hrs value of 0.0634 ng\\*hr/ml bimatoprost in the elderly (subjects 65 years or older) were significantly higher than 0.0218 ng\\*hr/ml in young healthy adults. However, this finding is not clinically relevant as systemic exposure for both elderly and young subjects remained very low from ocular dosing. There was no accumulation of bimatoprost in the blood over time and the safety profile was similar in elderly and young patients.
Timolol
After ocular administration of a 0.5% eye drops solution in humans undergoing cataract surgery, peak timolol concentration was 898 ng/ml in the aqueous humour at one hour post-dose. Part of the dose is absorbed systemically where it is extensively metabolised in liver. The half-life of timolol in plasma is about 4 to 6 hours. Timolol is partially metabolised by the liver with timolol and its metabolites excreted by the kidney. Timolol is not extensively bound to plasma.5.3 Preclinical safety data
Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk medicinal product
Repeated dose ocular toxicity studies of Bimatoprost/Timolol Brown & Burk showed no special hazard for humans. The ocular and systemic safety profile of the individual components is well established.
Bimatoprost
Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential. Studies in rodents produced species-specific abortion at systemic exposure levels 33- to 97- times that achieved in humans after ocular administration.
Monkeys administered ocular bimatoprost concentrations of 0.03% daily for one ≥ year had an increase in iris pigmentation and reversible dose-related periocular effects characterised by a prominent upper and/or lower sulcus and widening of the palpebral fissure. The increased iris pigmentation appears to be caused by increased stimulation of melanin production in melanocytes and not by an increase in melanocyte number. No functional or microscopic changes related to the periocular effects have been observed, and the mechanism of action for the periocular changes is unknown.
Timolol
Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, toxicity to reproduction.
## Pharmaceutical Particulars
6.1 List of excipients
Sodium chloride
Disodium phosphate heptahydrate E339
Citric acid monohydrate E330
Hydrochloric acid E507 or sodium hydroxide E524 (to adjust pH)
Water for Injection6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable.6.3 Shelf life
2 years.
Once the single-dose container is removed from the pouch use within 7 days. All single-dose containers should be kept in the pouch and discarded after 7 days from the first opening of the pouch.
Keep the single-dose containers in the pouch and place the pouch back in carton in order to protect against light and evaporation.6.4 Special precautions for storage
This medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions.
For storage conditions after first opening of the pouch, see section 6.3.6.5 Nature and contents of container
Natural translucent low density polyethylene (LDPE) single-dose containers
Each single-dose container contains 0.4 ml solution. 5 single-dose containers are packaged in a sealed Alu pouch.
Pack sizes:
30 x 0.4 mL (6 pouches with 5 single-dose containers each) in a carton
60 x 0.4 mL (12 pouches with 5 single-dose containers each) in a carton
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling
No special requirements.
