CXA-10 (10-Nitrooleic Acid): A Comprehensive Pharmacological and Developmental Review of a Novel Endogenous Signaling Modulator

Executive Summary

CXA-10, known chemically as 10-Nitrooleic acid, is an investigational small molecule drug belonging to the class of nitro fatty acids (NFAs). It is an endogenous signaling molecule formed in the body under conditions of inflammation and nitrative stress.[1] The therapeutic rationale for CXA-10 was built upon a compelling and pleiotropic mechanism of action, positioning it as a potential treatment for a range of complex diseases characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis.[3]

The primary mechanism of CXA-10 involves its function as an electrophilic signaling mediator. It modulates multiple fundamental cellular pathways, most notably through the potent activation of the cytoprotective Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and the concurrent inhibition of the pro-inflammatory Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling cascade.[2] This dual action, which simultaneously enhances endogenous defense mechanisms while suppressing inflammatory damage, was supported by a robust body of preclinical evidence across various animal models of renal, cardiopulmonary, and metabolic diseases.